66例完成自杀者的心理剖析  

A psychological autopsy study for 66 cases completed suicide

作　　者：孙月吉[1] 刘启贵[1] 姜潮[1] 贾树华[1] 周莉[1] 胡冬梅[1] 孙燕[1] 王蕾[1] Zhang Jie Conwell Y Wieczorek W 

机构地区：[1]大连医科大学,辽宁大连116027 [2]美国布法罗大学

出　　处：《中国行为医学科学》2003年第2期190-193,共4页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medical Science

基　　金：横项科研:美国布法罗大学

摘　　要：目的　用心理剖析的方法探讨完成自杀者的相关因素。方法　对 66例完成自杀者与 66例正常对照者 ,分别采用一般问卷、汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)、工具社会支持量表 (TSSS)、领悟社会支持量表 (PSSS)、社会交流量表 (SC)、自杀 1年前和当时总体功能评定量表 (O GAF ,P GAF)、自杀企图量表 (SAS)及自杀意念量表 (SIS)进行调查。采用DSM III R对精神问题进行了回顾性诊断。信息来源于 2名知情亲友 ,在死后 2～ 1 4月期间进行。结果　自杀者中 72 .72 %符合DSM III R精神疾病诊断标准 ;男性明显高于女性 (2 .98:1 ) ;女性高峰年龄较男性前移 1 0年 (2 0～ 49,30～59) ;春、夏季常见 (66 .7% ) ;抑郁和焦虑情绪 ,低收入和社会支持领悟差是高危因素 (P <0 .0 5) ;躯体功能活动受限制是自杀的诱因 (2 8.75 % ) ;服毒是被青睐的方法 (69.7% ) ,其次是自缢 2 5 .7%和其它 (4.5% )。信息人对精神疾病的认识差 (9 48)。结论　抑郁是自杀的最危险因素。Objective To find out some risk factors of completed suicide with psychological autopsy method. Methods 66 cases completed suicide and 66 cases normal control were evaluated with self made completed general questionnaire, HAMD, PSSS, FSSS SC, P GAF, O GAF, SAS and SIS. Mental disorder was diagnosed with DSM III R. The information was come from two volunteer who is family or friend of victim. Interview time was decided at 2 14 months after died. Results 72.72%% suicide victims were diagnosed mental disorder; Male is higher than female (2.98:1); Female suicide fastigium age is 10 years earlier than male(20 49,30 59 years old.) ;Suicide were more found in spring and summer (4 9th month, 66.7%); Depressive and anxiety are most danger factors, and the lower income and lower passive feeling for social support are both significantly higher risk factor (below 2000Yuan/year, P<0.05); (P<0.05); Movement limit will facilitate suicidal behavior (28.75%); Self poisons is most often method (69.7%), and then is hanging (25.7%) and others (4.5%). Information (9cases) is different from DSM III R (48cases) for mental disorder diagnosis. Conclusion Depressive and Anxiety disorder are most dangerous factor for suicide. Lower feel for social support and lower income will facilitate suicidal behavior. Community education of mental disease is important for decrease suicide.

关 键 词：完成自杀 精神障碍 社会支持领悟能力 自杀方法 心理剖析 

分 类 号：B846[哲学宗教—心理学]