福建省6种榕树及其传粉小蜂共生体系的比较  

Mutualism Systems of Six Fig Species(Ficus spp.) and Their Fig Wasps in Fujian Pronivce

作　　者：陈勇[1] 李宏庆[2] 马炜梁[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁德师范高等专科学校生物系,福建宁德352100 [2]华东师范大学生物系,上海200062

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（自然科学版）》2003年第1期20-25,共6页Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(39670134)

摘　　要：榕树(Ficusspp.)和榕小蜂共生体系是由宿主和共生者之间的生殖配合维系的.采用隐头花序解剖、对比观察的方法研究了福建省东北部6种榕树及其共生昆虫传粉体系的种间差异.结果表明:6种榕树花的性别分离成雌花、瘿花、雄花和两性花,植株的性表达有雌雄同株和雌性两性异株的区别,雌、瘿花有或无花柄(子房柄)单层或双层排列,雄花有散生、半集中和集中着生的分布方式,花序大小、花的数量、苞片数目、孔道苞片功能分区、出飞孔形成方式均有差异并与榕小蜂的行为相对应,每种榕树通常仅有1种传粉昆虫,6种榕树及其共生小蜂分别形成各自独立的传粉体系.显然,这种传粉体系存在丰富的种间差异性,各共生体系对传粉生物学的性状有不同的进化选择,体现了共生双方进化适合度和共生对策,维护了共生体系的稳定性和独立性.The fig-pollinator mutualism system is maintained by the reproductive relationships.In the way of dissecting syconia,and using statistics and comparative observation,diversity of pollination system of six species of figs in the northeast of Fujian and their mutual insects are studied.The result shows that flowers of the six figs can be divided into female flower,gall flower,male flower,and bisexual flower.The sex expression of the individuals of each fig species including dioecism and gynodioecy.The female and gall flowers have or have not pedicel (pistil stem) single-layer or double-layer range.The male flowers have distributive forms of dispersively-living,semi-collectively-living and collectively-living.There is difference in size of syconia,the number of flowers,the number of scales and distributing area of their function,and the form of forming outlet holes,which has homologous behavior of fig wasps.Each fig species usually has one kind of pollination insect,and the six fig species and their pollination insects respectively form their own independent pollination systems.It is obvious that such pollination systems have rich diversity.Each mutualism system has different choices of evolution to pollinating biology's character.This reflects the suit of both side of the mutualism evolution and reproductive strategy.Then it safeguards the stability of mutualism system.

关 键 词：福建 榕树 传粉小蜂 共生体系 生殖配合维系 种间差异 传粉体系 传粉生物学 

分 类 号：Q948.122.6[生物学—植物学]