人胸腹部对高速气流吹袭耐力的研究  

Windblast Tolerance of Human Thorax and Abdomen

作　　者：滕育英[1] 由广兴[1] 王玉清[1] 吴桂荣[1] 王玉兰[1] 张云然[1] 

机构地区：[1]航天医学工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》1992年第3期163-171,共9页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

摘　　要：从高速飞行的飞机上弹射时,气流吹袭可能使胸腹部致伤。本研究的目的是要得出人胸腹部对气流吹袭的耐力,以便为确定敞开弹射座椅的速度限值提供人体工程依据。本文在动物胸腹部气流吹袭实验和力学实验基础上进一步研究分析了有关活人火箭车实验、人尸体和动物的胸部钝性冲击实验、高速水冲击产生的胸腹部损伤等文献资料,获得了下述结果:①人和猪、狗、猴胸部对钝性冲击的耐力,其中猪的耐力最低,猴的耐力最高,人的耐力介于狗和猴之间:②人和猪、狗、猴胸腹部对气流吹袭的耐力,与上面情况一样,猪的耐力最低,猴的耐力最高,人的耐力介于狗和猴之间:③找出了胸部对钝性冲击耐力与胸腹部对气流吹袭的耐力的相关性和两种实验结果定量转换方法,以及Viano(1983)提出的冲击严重性指数S.I.=Vc/(1-c)与气流动压q_c是两个相关量,它们之间的定量换算,为从胸部钝性冲击结果推导出胸腹部气流吹袭结果提供了定量方法和依据。During ejection from high speed aircraft, windblast may cause injuries in thorax and abdomen. This study has an attempt to determine the tolerance of human thorax and abdomen to windblast,in order to provide human engineering basis for the determination of the maximum speed under which open seat ejection can be performed. This study was based on the results obtained from a series of animal windblast and mechanical experiments and investigation of literatures related to one rocket sled test in volunteer, thoracic blunt impact and injuries from high velocity impact on water. Thoracic-abdominal tolerances to windblast and the thoracic tolerance to blunt impact were inferred from these results for human being, pig, dog and monkey. The relationship between tolerance of thorax to blunt impact and tolerance of thorax and abdomen to windblast was obtained and the conversion method between the two kinds of tolerance was established. It was found that the index of impact severity S. I.= VC/(1—C) (where V and C are impact velocity and normalized chest compression respectively) suggested by Viano (1983) and the dynamic pressure q_c of air flow are two correlated quantities. The relationship between the two quantities provides a basis for the inference of the results of windblast acting on thorax and abdomen from those of blunt impact on the thorax.

关 键 词：气流吹袭伤 耐力 胸 腹 弹射座椅 

分 类 号：R852.2[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]