栖息环境和种间竞争对中华蜜蜂群体分布的影响  

Effect of habitat and interspecific competition on Apis cerana cerana colony distribution

作　　者：余林生[1] 韩胜明[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学,合肥230036 [2]中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2003年第4期553-556,共4页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金资助项目 ( 0 30 412 0 2 ) .

摘　　要：在植被结构和生态条件不同的皖南山区和皖西大别山区、江淮地区及淮北平原 ,栖息环境的改变和种间竞争的生存竞争等因素是影响中蜂群体分布的主要因素 .皖南山区和皖西大别山区自然植被完整 ,生态条件好 ,蜜粉源植物丰富 ,中蜂群体数量多 ,分布区域广 ,分布密度高 ,中蜂蜂王自然交配极少受到干扰 ,种间竞争处于优势 ,是中蜂栖息与繁衍的理想场所 .江淮地区和淮北平原自然植被少 ,生态平衡受到不同程度破坏 ,蜜粉源植物种类少 ,花期短而集中 ,中蜂蜂王自然交配受到意蜂雄蜂干扰 ,种间竞争处于劣势 ,中蜂群体数量锐减 ,分布区域缩小 ,群体分布密度大幅度下降 ,淮北平原比江淮地区更显著 .Habitat change and interspecific competition were the main factors affecting,Apis cerana cerana colony distribution among Wannan and Wanxi Dabie mountainous areas,Jianghuai area and Huaibei plain.Wannan and Wanxi Dabie mountainous areas were the ideal places for Apis cerana cerana' habitation and propogation,in which ,there were integrated natural vegetation,fine ecological condition,abundant nectariferous plants,and Apis cerana cerana had large colony size,wide distribution,high density,no disturbances of natural mating,and was dominant interspecific competition.In Jianghuai area and Huaibei plain,there were small covering of natural vegetation,different degree of degradation of ecological balance,few kinds of nectariferous plants with almost the same blooming periods,natural mating perturbed by Apis mellifera ligustica for Apis cerana cerana,and which was inferior in interspecific competition,colony size sharply decreased,distribution area reduced,and density cut down to a great extent.In Huaibei plain,the negative factors were more conspicuous.

关 键 词：中华蜜蜂 栖息环境 种间竞争 群体分布 

分 类 号：S891.2[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]