丛枝菌根(AM)生物技术在现代农业体系中的生态意义  

Ecological significance of arbuscular mycorrhiza biotechnology in modern agricultural system

作　　者：张勇[1] 曾明[1] 熊丙全[1] 杨晓红[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南农业大学园艺园林学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2003年第4期613-617,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：重庆市科委应用基础研究资助项目 ( 2 0 0 0 10 95 );国家科技部"三峡库区生态环境及生态经济系统重建关键技术研究与示范"资助项目 ( 2 0 0 1BA6 0 4A0 5 ) .

摘　　要：菌根是植物根系与特定的土壤真菌形成的共生体 ,有利于生态系统中养分循环 ,协助植物抵御不良环境胁迫 .自然条件下 ,大多数植物表现一定的菌根依赖性 ,在植株根系发育过程中如能与适宜的菌根真菌形成良好的菌根结构 ,可提高产量 ,改善品质 ,其中丛枝菌根是最普遍的类型 .丛枝菌根帮助植物抵御不良环境胁迫及病虫害 ,促进植物健康生长 ,可减少化学肥料、杀虫剂施用量 ,以减少对环境、生态不利的化学物质施用量 .丛枝菌根共生体可加速根系生长 ,提高对移动性低的无机离子吸收 ,加速养分循环利用 ,增强植物对不良胁迫 (生物与非生物 )因素的耐受力 ,形成良好的土壤结构 ,提高植物群体的多样性 .文章综述了丛枝菌根真菌生态特征 ,丛枝菌根对寄主植物的影响 ,丛枝菌根生物技术应用于农业体系的生态意义及其应用潜力 .Mycorrhiza plays a key role in nutrient cycling in ecosystem, and protects host plant against environmental stress.Under natural condition, plant's mycorrhizal structure is a normal phenomenon, and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) association is the commonest mycorrhizal type. If well mycorrhizal structure can be formed during plant root system developing process, the quantity and quality of plant production will be improved in large. Because of its effects on plant growth and health, it is accepted that AM symbiosis can reduce chemical fertilizer and pesticide inputs. Consequently, this will lead to a reduction in harmful chemical substance impact on environment. The key effects of AM symbiosis can be summarized as follows: ⑴improving rooting and plant establishment; ⑵improving uptake of low mobile ions; ⑶improving nutrient cycling; ⑷enhancing plant tolerance to (biotic and abiotic) stress; ⑸improving quality of soil structure; and ⑹enhancing plant community diversity. In this paper, the ecological characteristic of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), effects of AM on host plant, and ecologic significance of AM biotechnology in agricultural system were reviewed.

关 键 词：丛枝菌根 生物技术 农业 生态学 

分 类 号：S188[农业科学—农业基础科学]