节流膨胀过程中的理想量子气体  

Ideal Quantum Gas in A Process of Throttling Expansion

作　　者：潘玉灼[1] 陈丽璇[2] 

机构地区：[1]泉州师范学院物理系,福建泉州362000 [2]厦门大学物理系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《低温与特气》2003年第2期19-22,共4页Low Temperature and Specialty Gases

基　　金：泉州师院科研课题(2002 I 11);泉州市科研项目(Z200241)

摘　　要：应用费米积分和玻色积分的特性以及热力学理论,讨论理想量子气体在节流膨胀过程中的特性,导得理想量子气体焦汤系数的解析表达式,详细讨论了低温下量子气体的定压热容和焦汤系数,阐明了系统的量子本性对焦汤系数的贡献。表明理想费米气体的焦汤系数为负而理想玻色气体的为正,因而理想玻色气体适用于低温制冷系统。Using the characteristics of Fermi integral and Bose integral and theory of thermodynamics, We discuss the characteristics of ideal quantum gas in a process of throttling expansion, and an analytical expression of JouleThomson coefficient (JTC) of ideal quantum gas is derived in this paper. The properties of JTC and the specific heat at constant pressure of ideal quantum gas at low temperature are discussed. The contribution of purely quantum nature of system on JTC is examined. It is shown that quantum nature of Fermions contributes to the negative values of JTC while the quantum nature of bosons contributes to the positive values of JTC . Therefore, the ideal Bose gas is suitable for cryogenic refrigeration system.

关 键 词：节流膨胀过程 焦汤系数 费米积分 玻色积分 理想量子气体 焦耳-汤姆逊效应 低温技术 

分 类 号：O642[理学—物理化学]