山区大地水准面精化及其三维数字模型建立方法  

The Fine of Geoids in Mountain Area and the Means of Foundation of 3-d Numeric Model

作　　者：谭经明[1] 方源敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土信息与测绘工程系,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《地矿测绘》2003年第1期1-2,9,共3页Surveying and Mapping of Geology and Mineral Resources

摘　　要：正在建立的全国大地水准面数字模型,其精度将达到±3cm,山区较平原地区的精度为低。要精化山区的大地水准面,必须估算局部大地水准面的变化情况。良好的方法是按地形均衡理论估算,其流动块的平均高程和岩石密度可在数字地图(附有岩石密度属性数据)上快速自动生成,不仅有利于扩大计算范围,也有利于获取高质量的各流动块平均高程和岩石密度,以此可密集计算大地水准面差距(或高程异常),达到精化局部大地水准面的目的。从而可建立局部大地水准面的高程异常数字模型,可精确确定任意点的大地水准面差距(或高程异常)。如此可以解决类似于GPS水准,EDM测高等与大地水准面差距(或高程异常)有关的问题。The decision of founding geoids data model of the whole of China will be ±3 cm.In general, the precision in mountain areas is lower than in plain area. The changing of local geoids should be estimated for fine of mountainous area geoids. The better method is estimation on the topographic-isostatic theory.The mean elevation of moving blocks and the mean density of rock should be reduced rapidly based on the data map. Not only the estimation area can be enlarged, but also the mean elevation and rock density of blocks can be gained. The difference of geoids or the difference of elevation could be estimated at density so that the geoids is fined and the difference of elevation in area geoids is established. The prblems with the difference of geoids or the difference of elevation like GPS-level, EDM and so on can be solved, for the difference of geoids or the difference of elevation of the arbitrary points could be determined.

关 键 词：大地水准面 三维数字模型 GIS GPS 地理信息系统 全球定位系统 

分 类 号：P224.1[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程] P228.4[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]