沥青质和胶质稳定的油包水乳状液的破乳研究  

Demulsification of W/O Emulsions Stabilized by Petroleum Asphaltene or Resin

作　　者：夏立新[1] 曹国英[1] 陆世维[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《油田化学》2003年第1期23-25.5,共4页Oilfield Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点基础研究专项资助课题(编号G1999022505)。

摘　　要：将大庆原油的胶质沥青质混合物分离为戊烷沥青质和胶质。在体积比7∶3的航空煤油和蒸馏水中按油水混合物总量加入不同量的沥青质(3～9mg/mL)和胶质(10～40mg/mL),制成油包水乳状液,在30～90℃的4个温度下放置不同时间或用功率850W、频率2.45×109Hz的微波辐照不同时间使之破乳并测定脱水率,结果表明:在热破乳中,沥青质稳定的乳状液的脱水率一般随温度升高、时间延长而增大,只有沥青质加量为9mg/mL时90℃脱水率较70℃有所减小;胶质稳定的乳状液易破乳,在每一温度下5～10分钟后脱水率即达到稳定值,脱水率高达77%～93%,胶质加量为30和40mg/mL时90℃脱水率较70℃有所减小。在微波辐照下乳状液破乳很快,90～120s后脱水率即达到稳定值,120s脱水率随沥青质和胶质加量增大而降低,最低加量时均达到100%。脱出水的透光率,微波辐照法高于热破乳法,胶质稳定的乳状液高于沥青质稳定的乳状液。对实验结果作了解释。表4参12。An asphalteneresin mixture obtained from Daqing crude oil is separated into pentane asphaltene (A) and resin (R). Different amount of A or R are introduced into mixture of aviation kerosin and distilled water (7/3 in volume) and a lot of W/O emulsions are prepared with A of 3-9 mg/mL or with R of 10-40 mg/L of oil/water mixture. These emulsions are thermally treated at temperature 30℃,50℃,70℃, and 90℃ and irradiated by microwave of power 850 W and frequency 2.45×109 Hz in different time for demulsifying and the water separation rate (WSR) is determined. It is shown that in thermal demulsification of emulsions with A the WSR value increases with raising temperature and prolonging treating time except that the WSR at 90℃ is lower that that at 70℃ for the emulsions with A of 9 mg/mL added; the emulsions with R are easily to be brocken down, the WSR at each of test temperature reaches stable value of 77-100% in 5-10 min meanwhile the WSR at 90℃ is lower than that at 70℃ for the emulsions with R of 30 and 40 mg/L added. Under microwave irradiation these emulsions quickly break down, the WSR reaches its stable value in 90-120 sec, the WSR in 120 sec lowers with increasing dosage of A or R, accounts 100% with the least dosages. The light transmission rate of the separated water is higher in the case of microwave irradiation than that in the case of thermal demulsification and for the emulsions stabilized by R than that for the emulsions stabilized by A. The experimental results are reasoned.

关 键 词：沥青质 胶质 油包水乳状液 破乳 研究 稳定性 热法 微波幅照法 

分 类 号：TE868[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]