用物理学技术研究细胞的分子力学特征  

Studies of molecular kinetic characteristics of the cell by using physical techniques

作　　者：徐春华[1] 袁明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学生物学院植物生理学与生物化学国家重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《生命科学》2003年第2期113-118,共6页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

摘　　要：运动对于细胞生命活动的重要性是不言而喻的。有运动就需要有推动运动的力。长期以来,由于缺少对大分子间作用力的研究手段,生物学家们对生物学过程中分子力学现象的了解极为有限。近年来,多种物理学技术迅速发展,并应用于生物学领域,尤其是细胞骨架系统,有力地推动了从力学角度对很多生命现象和机理的研究。本文将简单介绍几种目前常用于测定细胞分子力学特征的物理学技术及一些它们在这方面的研究实例;着重介绍光学测力技术中目前最为成熟的一种技术一光钳,以及它在研究细胞骨架分子力学特征方面的应用。Movement is of vital importance for living activities of the cell. Mechanical force is necessary for generating the movements. For a long time, the knowledge of molecular kinetic char-acteristics in the cell is very limited because of lacking appropriate research techniques. Recently, great development of advanced physical techniques has been made. Those advanced physical tech-niques have been employed in biological studies and made great progresses, especially in the study of the cytoskeleton. In present paper we review several related physical techniques and their appli-cations in biological researches, especially focus on optical tweezers, one of the most mature optical methods to study molecular kinetic characteristics of the cell, and its applications in studies of the cytoskeleton.

关 键 词：微针 扫描探针显微镜 光钳 细胞骨架 微丝 微管 马达蛋白 

分 类 号：Q24[生物学—细胞生物学] O4－33[理学—物理]