高寒矮嵩草草甸大气-土壤-植被-动物系统碳素储量及碳素循环  

The carbon storage and carbon cycle among the atmosphere, soil, vegetation and a nimal in the Kobresia humilis alpine meadow ecosystem

作　　者：张金霞[1] 曹广民[1] 周党卫[1] 胡启武[1] 赵新全[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第4期627-634,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究专项经费资助项目 ( G1 9980 4 0 80 0 );中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目 ( KSCX2 -0 1 -0 7);国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 30 0 70 1 4 7);中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站基金资助项目~~

摘　　要：对高寒矮嵩草草甸生态系统中大气 -土壤 -植被 -动物分室碳素储量及碳素循环进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,草毡寒冻雏形土土壤库 0～ 30 cm碳素储量为 2 4 7.30 t C/ hm2 。土壤 CO2 平均释放速率 70 .94± 54.76kg/ (hm2· d) ,年释放量为 6.630 t C/ (hm2·a) ,比退化草地 4.62 0 t C/ (hm2·a)释放量高。植物包括根系总固碳量为 4.648t C/ (hm2· a) ,动物亚系统中 ,藏系绵羊个体同化的碳素为 7.562 kg C/ (hm2· a) (成年羊 ) ,作为畜产品迁出生态系统。生态系统初级生产固碳量占每年土壤 CO2 释放量的 70 .1 6% ,占生长季土壤 CO2 释放量的 96.43% ,退化草地土壤 CO2 释放量比初级生产固碳量要低。认为高寒矮嵩草草甸生态系统土壤是大气温室气体 CO2 的小的排放源。Qing-Tibet Plateau is the highest land in the world as well as one of the most sensitive regions to global change. In order to discover its role in g l obal warming, the carbon storage and carbon cycle were conducted at the Haibei A lpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences for thr ee years (1998～2000). CO ２ concentration was tested with CID-301PS photosynt hesis apparatus .The Kobresia humilis alpine meadow ecosystem was divided into fo ur compartments: atmosphere, plant, soil and animal. The CO ２ concentration was measured only in the air of plant ca nopy (20 cm above the ground). In soil compartment, organic carbon storage, phys ical and chemical properties of soil were assayed at 0~10 cm, 10~20 cm and 20~30 cm in Mat Cryic Cambisols soil. Moreover, the CO ２ releasing rate and amount wer e also measured. The results indicated that the carbon storage was 247.30 t C/h m 2 in 0~30 cm soil depth and the average emission rate of carbon dioxide of soi l was 70.94 ± 54.76 kg/(hm２·d). The emission quantity of CO ２ was 6.63 t C/(hm２·a) from soil, but it appeared negative in winter. It was higher than that in degraded ar eas (4.62 t C/(hm２·a)). The fixed carbon of the plant was 4.648 t C/（hm ２·a) calculate d through analysis of the biomass and content of carbon of plant aboveground and underground. We further calculated the result of carbon metabolism moving out o f ecosystem and released into the atmosphere of every mature Tibetan sheep throu gh an analysis of the content of protein, fat and hydrocarbon. The carbon assimi lated by Tibetan sheep was 7.562 kg C/（hm２·a) transferred out from this ec osystem as livestock products. The fixed carbon by animal compartment occupied a small p art in the ecosystem. It could be neglected. The total amount of fixed carbon wa s 70.16% of the annual soil emission and covered 96.43% of that in the plant g ro wing season. So the carbon balance could be calculated in the alpine meadow ecos ystem. According to the fo

关 键 词：草毡寒冻雏形土 碳素储量 碳素循环 矮嵩草草甸 生态系统 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]