中国土地利用格局及其影响因子分析  

Analysis of landscape patterns and driving factors of land use in China

作　　者：王思远[1] 张增祥[2] 周全斌[2] 刘斌[2] 王长有[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水利工程系,北京100084 [2]中国科学院遥感应用研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第4期649-656,T001,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大资助项目 ( KZCX1 -Y-0 2)~~

摘　　要：在遥感技术与 GIS技术的支持下 ,对中国土地利用空间格局及其影响因子进行了分析。首先通过 1∶1 0万中国土地利用数据库经过分层提取 ,生成中国土地利用类型空间分布格局数据库 ,在此基础上对中国土地利用空间格局进行了分析 ;而后在引入景观多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数、破碎度指数的基础上 ,对中国土地利用景观格局进行了定量分析。研究结果表明 :中国土地利用景观多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数、破碎度指数空间分布上具有明显的规律性 :随着人类活动的逐渐增强 ,景观的多样性指数逐渐增加 ,优势度指数逐渐减少 ,破碎度指数逐渐增加 ;而当人类已经彻底改变自然景观 ,多样性指数则逐渐减少 ,优势度指数增加 ,而破碎度指数逐渐减少。同时 ,针对中国土地利用景观格局及其生态背景的特点 ,选择北纬 40°、2 8°和 2 4°三条样带 ,东经 1 0 8°和 1 1 4°两条样带 ,对中国土地利用格局的影响因子进行了分析。The research on land use and land cover changes is a core for studies on the global change. The study on spatial pattern and its change of land use is important for better understanding land use/land cover changes and environmenta l management. Remote sensing and geographical information system were used to an alyze the landscape pattern and its driving factors of land use in China. First, the types of land use in China were divided into six major types and twenty-si x sub-types. The major types include cultivated land, forestland, grassland, wat e r area, built-up land and barer land. Second, the information of land use class i fication was extracted from a database of resource and environmental with 1:1000 00 scales and in raster format. The spatial pattern of land use based on the lan d use classification database was analyzed. Third, we calculated the landscape d iversity index(H), the landscape dominant index(D), the landscape homoge neity in dex(E) and the landscape broken index(C).These indexes of spatial patter ns showe d a clear picture of disturbance caused by human activities. With the increasing of disturbances, the diversity index, the homogeneity index and the broken inde x all increased and the dominant index decreased. However, when natural landscap e was transformed completely by human activities, shown as the increased human i mpact, the diversity index, the homogeneity index and the broken index all decre ased and the dominant index increased. Fourth, According to characteristic of la ndscape patterns and its eco-environmental background of land use, five transec t s were selected and the driving factors of land use landscape patterns were anal yzed.

关 键 词：GIS技术 土地利用 景观格局 影响因子 中国 遥感技术 景观生态学 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]