上海地区登革热媒介的现状及滋生习性调查  

Surveillance on Dengue Vector and Breeding Habit of Veclor in Shanghai Area

作　　者：王士珍[1] 徐仁权[1] 徐友祥 任文军[3] 蒋丽亚[4] 胡家官[5] 蔡恩茂[6] 

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336 [2]嘉定区疾病预防控制中心 [3]闸北区疾病预防控制中心 [4]卢湾区疾病预防控制中心 [5]闵行区疾病预防控制中心 [6]长宁区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2003年第2期124-126,共3页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

摘　　要：目的　掌握上海地区登革热媒介的现状及登革热发生的危险程度 ,了解媒介蚊虫 (白纹伊蚊 )的滋生习性与分布 ,为制定防制方案提供依据。方法　 4～ 11月每月在长宁、闸北、卢湾、嘉定、闵行 5个区的居民、单位内外的不同环境和容器中采集伊蚊幼虫 ,检查伊蚊幼虫滋生阳性率 ,采用人诱法监测伊蚊成虫的叮咬频率。结果　在上海地区尚未发现埃及伊蚊存在 ,登革热的媒介为白纹伊蚊 ;该蚊幼虫出现期为 4～ 11月 ,数量高峰为 6～ 9月 ;6～ 9月间白纹伊蚊幼虫的房屋指数为 8.90 % ,容器指数 8.5 9% ,布雷图指数 12 .19% ,幼虫密度指数为 2 .16 ;成虫的叮刺指数 8.3只 /30min ,监测值达到WHO三级 ;其媒介数量能达到引起登革热流行的程度 ;白纹伊蚊幼虫滋生广泛 ,但以轮胎、缸罐、花盆、竹节等小容器为主 ;城乡间、不同房屋结构的住区间、不同单位间的白纹伊蚊幼虫阳性率差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　上海地区登革热媒介蚊种为白纹伊蚊 ,其媒介数量已处于危险程度 ,一旦传染源进入 ,不可避免地会引起登革热的发生与流行 ,应密切关注。必须加强对媒介种群数量动态和媒介能量的监测工作 ,及时制定有效的预防措施。Objective To find out the population of Dengue vector and the rish degree of Dengue emergence and the breeding habit and distribution of vector in Shanghai area.The result was basis to provide guidance for Dengue control.Methods The larva collected from different area and container was identified for species and the positive rate of larva was checked. The man-alluring-biting method was used to survey the rate of biting during April-November,2001.Results (1)Aedes aegypti was not discovered in Shanghai,Aedes albopictus only.(2)Aedes albopictus larva was discovered during April-November;The Aedes albopictus larva density peak was in June-September.(3)During June-September,the Aedes albopictus container index (CI) was 8.59%; the house index (HI) was 8.90%; the Breteau index (BI) was 12.19%; the larval density index (LDI) was 2.16;The biting rate index (BRI) was 16.6 sets/per man power hour; The density of Aedes albopictus was equal to WHO three degree. It has risk for Dengue to spread.(4)The Aedes albopictus larva distribution was extensive,in tyre.,Jar.,Vat and the container from flower and from house.(5)The positive rate was different between the city and country,and between the different unity,area and house.Conclusion The Dengue vector is Aedes albopictus and its population has risk degree in Shanghai;The surveillance on population density and vector energy should be conducted every year.The control method for Dengue vector Aedes albopictus should be studied.

关 键 词：上海地区 登革热 媒介昆虫 现状 滋生习性 白纹伊蚊 

分 类 号：R512.8[医药卫生—内科学] R384.1[医药卫生—临床医学]