重穗型水稻光合作用、物质积累与运转的研究  

Studies on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Accumulation and Transformation of Assimilation Product in Heavy Panicle Type of Rice

作　　者：马均[1] 朱庆森[2] 马文波[1] 田彦华[1] 杨建昌[2] 周开达[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所,温江611130 [2]扬州大学农学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2003年第4期375-381,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：农业部跨越计划资助项目;江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室开放课题资助项目;四川省人才培养基金资助项目

摘　　要：以 18个不同穗重型籼稻品种为材料 ,研究了重穗型水稻的光合作用及物质运转。结果表明 ,重穗型水稻在齐穗后的剑叶净光合速率明显高于中、轻穗型品种。其机理是剑叶的Rubisco活性提高及叶绿素含量增加 ;有在高、低光强、高温和低CO2 浓度下对CO2 较强的同化能力的优势 ,光合“午休”现象较轻 ,能保持较高的净光合速率 ,显示其对环境有较强的适应性 ;气孔性状优良、气孔开度积 (单位面积气孔密度×气孔开度 )大 ,也是重穗型水稻净光合速率高的重要气孔因素。重穗型水稻抽穗后物质积累的优势明显 ,且茎鞘物质向穗部的转运量、转运率和转化率也远高于中、轻穗型品种。Using 18 indica rice varieties with different panicle weight, the photosynthetic characteristics and accumulation and transformation of assimilation product in heavy panicle type of rice (HPT) were studied. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf in HPT after heading was obviously higher than that in medium panicle type(MPT) and light panicle type(LPT). The reason for the high net photosynthetic rate in HPT was the increase of Rubisco activities and chlorophyll content, and keeping high assimilating ability to CO 2 under high and low light intensity, high temperature and low CO 2 content, and light midday depression and wide adaptability to environmental conditions. The high net photosynthetic rate of HPT might be also the results of its excellent stomatal characteristics and higher total quantity of stomatal opening degrees(stomatal density ×stomatal opening degrees). There was a large amount of dry matter production after heading and obvious high assimilate's transformation of assimilation product to panicle in HPT.

关 键 词：水稻 重穗型 光合作用 物质运转 物质积累 Rubisco活性 叶绿素含量 气孔 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]