水稻化感物质抑草作用机理的分子生物学研究  

Molecular biological study on the action mechanism of rice allelochemicals against weeds

作　　者：徐正浩[1] 郭得平[2] 余柳青[1] 赵明[3] 张旭[3] 李迪[1] 郑康乐[1] 叶元林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所农业部水稻生物学重点实验室,杭州310006 [2]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,杭州310029 [3]中国农业大学作物学院,北京100094

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2003年第5期829-833,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 ( 3 0 170 62 0 );国家"十五"科技攻关项目( 2 0 0 0 1BA5 0 9B0 7)

摘　　要：水稻化感作用是通过水稻植株体向环境中释放化感物质来实现的 .水稻化感物质的主要抑草作用机理有 :抑制杂草种子的发芽 ,影响激素平衡 ,破坏细胞膜系统的完整性 ,影响光合作用和呼吸作用 ,干扰对营养和水分的吸收 ,影响蛋白质合成和基因表达等 .水稻化感作用是由多基因控制的 ,表现为数量性状 .利用分子生物学技术和化感生物检测技术等研究手段检测到了多个水稻化感作用的主效应 (QTLs)位点 ,但不同水稻化感种质其主效应QTLs位点明显不同 .通过分子辅助选择和建立近等基因系的方法对检测到的QTLs作进一步的精细定位 ,最终实现水稻化感抑草有利基因的克隆是今后研究的重要方向 .Rice allelopathy is implemented through its release of allelochemicals to environment.Many researchers considered that rice allelochemicals were phenolics. The action mechanisms of rice against weeds allelochemicals included the inhibition of seed germination and emergence, the effect on the balance of hormones, the damage on the integrity of cell membrane systems, the effect on photosynthesis and respiration, the disturbance of nutrient and water uptake and the effect on the protein synthesis and gene expression. Rice allelopathy is controlled by polygenes, and inherited quantitatively.Several QTLs were identified by the methods of molecular biological techniques and allelopathic bioassay. It might be the important research work to locate the QTLs accurately and to clone the allelopathic genes with the method of marker assisted selection and the near isogenic lines.

关 键 词：水稻 化感物质 抑草作用机理 数量性状 分子辅助选择 克隆 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]