飞机草挥发油的化学组成及其对植物、真菌和昆虫生长的影响  

Chemical composition of volatile oil from Chromolaena odorata and its effect on plant, fungi and insect growth

作　　者：凌冰[1] 张茂新[1] 孔垂华[1] 庞雄飞[1] 梁广文[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学昆虫生态研究室,广州510642

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2003年第5期744-746,共3页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目 ( 3 993 0 12 0 );国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 9870 44 1)

摘　　要：飞机草挥发油对 5种植物幼苗生长有显著的抑制作用 ,受抑制的大小排序为黑麦草 >白菜 >萝卜 >四季豆 >水稻 .中等浓度 (80 0mg·L-1)飞机草挥发油对水稻稻瘟病菌的抑制作用最强 ,对长春花疫病菌的抑制作用次之 ,对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制作用最弱 ;其抑菌率分别为 6 1.4 0 %、2 9.2 7%和 14 .4 4 % .10～ 2 0 μl·株 -1的飞机草挥发油对小菜蛾和黄曲条跳甲有显著的驱避产卵作用 .经GC/MS ,飞机草挥发油的化学成分主要是萜类化合物 ,如反式 石竹烯 (16 .5 8% )、δ 杜松烯 (15 .85 % )、α 可巴烯 (11.5 8% )、氧化石竹烯 (9.6 3% )、大根香叶烯 (4 .96 % )和α 艹律 草烯 (4 .32 % ) .The volatile oil from C.odorata had a significant effect on the growth of plants, fungi and insects. The result showed that the seedling growth of five test plants was obviously inhibited,in the order of ryegrass>Chinese cabbage>radish>snap been>rice. The inhibitory effect of the oil at its middle concentration (800 mg·L -1 ) for Pyricularia grisea was the strongest, the next was to Phytophthora nicotianae , and the weakest was to Fusarium oxysporum . The inhibitory percentage was 61.40%, 29.27% and 14.44%,respectively. The volatile oil from C. odorata at the dose of 10～20 μl·plant -1 had a significant oviposition deterrent effect on Phyllotreta striolata and Plutella xylostella .The volatile oil from C.odorata was analyzed by GC/MS and thirty components were identified. Terpenoids compounds were major components of the volatile oil, such as trans caryophyllene (16.58 %),δ cadinene ( 15.85 %), α copaene (11.58%) , caryophyllene oxide (9.63 %), germacrene D ( 4.96 %) and α humulene (4.32 % ).

关 键 词：飞机草 挥发油 化学组成 植物 真菌 昆虫 生长 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]