水库修建对黄河水沙问题的负面影响  

Negative Impacts of Reservoirs on Water and Sands Problem of Yellow River

作　　者：潘鸿雷[1] 王倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学城市与资源学系,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2003年第2期73-76,共4页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

摘　　要：修建水库是我国乃至世界各国治理水患、满足生产生活用水和用电需求重要途径之一。水利工程固然可以产生可观的经济效益,然而巨大的环境代价不容忽视。尤其近几十年在“水沙异源、水少沙多、时空分布不均匀”的黄河上修堤筑坝、修建水库,改变了黄河的水沙条件,严重影响了水沙运行环境。主要从水库尤其是龙羊峡、刘家峡和三门峡水库的修建与运作对黄河中下游水沙问题与流域造成的环境影响着手,通过近几十年来黄河径流、流域来水来沙情况及河道形态等在时间和空间序列上的数据分析,指出水库建设对黄河水沙状况带来的负面影响,降低了黄河中高流量频次,使得黄河径流出现显著均匀化、可控化的特征;影响黄河天然的来水来沙状况,造成河道淤积增强;加剧黄河断流;从而更加恶化黄河洪水和泥沙问题。从可持续发展的角度提出了黄河水沙问题的相关解决对策。Building reservoir is one of the important methods that many countries control the floods and resolve other water problems. Although it can produce much economic interests, it also causes considerable environmental damage, especially on such highly sandy river as the Yellow river. It is because the constantly construction of reservoirs in decades that changed the water and sands conditions of the Yellow river violently. Firstly, the fundamental influence mechanism of water and sands problems of the Yellow river from natural and artificial factors is presented. From the analysis on sediment and water volume of temporal and spatial data of runoff elaborately, the negative effect of the reservoirs (especially Longyangxia reservoir, Liujiaxia reservoir and Sanmenxia reservoir) on water and sands problem of the Yellow river can be recognized, which is that frequency of middle and high water volume was reduced, the sediment accumulation was increased, the current was artificially controlled highly, and the broken current was more severe. Finally the relevant strategy is suggested from the view of sustainable development.

关 键 词：水库 水沙问题 黄河 

分 类 号：P333.4[天文地球—水文科学]