日本对虾仔虾相残的实验研究  

Observations and Studies on the Cannibalism Among Post Larvae of Kuruma Prawn, Penaeus japonicus

作　　者：陈学雷[1] 林琼武[1] 李少菁[1] 王桂忠[1] 艾春香[1] 李丙林[1] 吝涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋与环境学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（自然科学版）》2003年第3期358-362,共5页Journal of Xiamen University：Natural Science

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金(B9910003)资助

摘　　要：以相残死亡率为指标,研究了幼体密度、饵料密度、体长和光照等4个因素对日本对虾仔虾相残的影响.结果表明,1)日本对虾仔虾的相残率随饵料密度的上升而下降,饵料密度对相残率的影响极显著(P<0.01);2)不同放养密度下,日本对虾仔虾的相残行为有显著差异(P<0.01),但在超过100ind.·l-1后相残率的增幅显著变小(P<0.01);3)不同体长仔虾(0.7cm和1cm)单养时相残率差异不显著(P>0.05),但大小混养时相残行为比较严重(平均增加58.2%);4)光照条件的改变会影响日本对虾仔虾的相残行为,自然光照下比黑暗时仔虾相残率平均降低36%,差异显著(P<0.05).此外,本文还就日本对虾仔虾相残的发生原因、机制以及预防措施等相关问题进行了初步讨论.The aim of this study was to find out the effects of different larvae densities, different food densities, different length and different illumination condition on the rate of cannibalism of Kuruma Prawn (Penaeus japonicus) post larvae. The results showed that: 1) the cannibal rates at insufficient diet were significantly higher than that at full diet (P<0.01); 2) the larvae density had distinctive influence on the cannibal rates (P<0.01), but the influence became less significant when the density of larve was higher than 100 ind.·l-1 ; 3) the cannibalism was not evidently influenced by the difference in body sizes (P>0.05), but mix of individuals in different sizes led to serious increase in cannibalism compared with the control team. (P<0.01); 4) illumination condition has significant effects on restraining the degree of cannibalism, with an average 36% decrease of cannibalism in the light than in the dark (P<0.05). The causation and potential mechanisms of cannibalism of Penaeus japonicus and techniques of preventing it were also discussed.

关 键 词：日本对虾 仔虾 同类相残 相残死亡率 幼体密度 饵料密度 体长 光照 海水养殖 

分 类 号：S968.225[农业科学—水产养殖]