包气带中核素迁移模拟实验的设计和方法  

DESIGN AND METHOD OF SIMULATION TESTS FOR RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION IN AERATED ZONE

作　　者：郭择德[1] 倪世伟[1] 李书绅[1] 赵英杰[1] 王辉[1] 韩新生[1] 姚来根[1] 蔡匀[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国辐射防护研究院,太原030006

出　　处：《辐射防护》2003年第3期163-170,共8页Radiation Protection

摘　　要：本文主要依据中国辐射防护研究院开展的关于核素在地下水中迁移的研究工作 ,总结了包气带中核素迁移的土柱模拟实验技术 ,提出了设计实验的基本方法 ,讨论了非饱和流场特征、分配系数随含水率的变化、延迟系数的时间尺度效应等因素对实验设计的影响。实验的关键技术是建立所需含水率和流速的稳定非饱和流场 ,并准确地测量流场参数。在概述了目前几种建立稳定流场和测量其参数的方法后 ,以一个例子介绍了利用灯芯效应在土柱中建立稳定非饱和流场的方法和用γ射线扫描技术测量含水率、用131I作为示踪剂测量水流速的方法及在土柱外直接测量具有γ射线核素迁移速度的方法。This paper summarizes experiences obtained in CIRP on simulation test techniques for study of radionuclide migration in aerated zone. Design principles are presented of test period, column size and radionuclide amount used in the test. Key techniques to the test are to set up a steady unsaturated flow field with low water content and to measure flow parameters accurately. The expected unsaturated flow field can be established by applying three methods. The γ ray scanning technique is adopted for measurement of water content with reasonable low error, and 131I is used as tracer to measure flow velocity of water without disturbing the flow field. For some radionuclides emitting γ rays with certain energies, it is possible to study their migration behavior by measurement of counting rates outside columns. $$$$(

关 键 词：核素迁移 模拟实验 非饱和流场 分配系数 地下水 包气带 放射性废物 地表处置 

分 类 号：TL942[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]