古陶瓷完整器元素成分无损分析的实现(一)——方法确认和总体设计  

The Nan - destructive composition analysis of ancient porcelain vessels (1)——Method affirmation and design

作　　者：何文权[1] 熊樱菲[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海博物馆文物保护与考古科学实验室,上海200231

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2002年第B12期272-283,共12页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家文物局文物科研项目;编号:200011

摘　　要：文物的无损检测是文物科学研究中非常重要的一个研究方向,也是文物科学保护研究不可或缺的前期分析工作。上海博物馆文物保护与考古科学实验室计划以古陶瓷的无损分析为先导,陆续扩大研究对象的范围及研究深度,同时也不断完善各类分析手段。在大量文献调研的基础上,报道了古陶瓷完整器元素成分无损分析方法研究的前半部分工作:研究方法的确认和总体设计。The porcelain vessel is usually studied by the traditional way in China, the shape, weight, decoration , mark, color etc., while the literatures are also used and compared to give full description of that vessel. With the development of the various analysis techniques, some new attributes of porcelain were concerned, such as composition, density, structure, thermal characters, etc. From the 1970s' lots of scientific analysis research works on ancient ceramics have been congregated on chemical composition analyses in China, some good relationship between composition and provenance or production period were established well, thus useful imformation can be got by scientific analysis. Though there is a brilliant future in scientific research on ceramics, there are some limitations. First is the lack of scientific analyses on some precious porcelain vessels. Second are the difficulties in addressing some unknown porcelain vessels unearthed from tombs. Third is the integrate sample system can hardly be set up only by shard collection, while that sample system is essential for database establishment . On the other hand, when scientific analysis is performed as assistant appraisal, the objects can only be intact vessels. To build up a measuring system for intact porcelain vessel, a big vacuum chamber is needed first, then the calculation method should be found in quantitative analysis on samples with curve surface. Even various techniques are announced to own the property of non - destructive analysis (sample is not consumed during analysis) , the non- destructive analysis used in museum has more strict requisition, which means no visible changes both in physical and chemical properties after analysis. Among the scientific analysis techniques used in archaeological researches, XRF technique is the most frequently and most extensively used technique. The development of XRF meets a great opportunity after 1980s , when the problem of the second fluorescence and matrix effect has been fairly sol

关 键 词：无损分析 古陶瓷 元素X荧光分析 

分 类 号：O657.34[理学—分析化学]