溪流生态系统潜流带生态学研究概述  

A brief review for ecological studies on hyporheic zone of stream ecosystem

作　　者：袁兴中[1] 罗固源[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学资源与环境科学学院,重庆400044 [2]重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第5期956-964,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金："十五"科技攻关资助项目 ;中国博士后科学基金;重庆大学骨干教师资助基金联合资助项目~~

摘　　要：最近一、二十年 ,对潜流带研究的逐渐开展已使人们充分认识到潜流带在溪流生态系统结构、功能和生态过程中的重要意义。潜流带是溪流地表水和地下水相互作用的界面 ,占据着在地表水、河道之下的可渗透的沉积缓冲带、侧向的河岸带和地下水之间的中心位置。有关潜流带重要性的近期研究进展增进了我们对溪流生态学的理解 ,大大扩展了水生生物生境的物理空间以及生物相互作用和生产力存在的区域。潜流带生境包含多样化的、丰度很高的动物区系 ,其常常控制着溪流生物生产力和生态过程。潜流带对溪流生态系统的潜在重要性来自于生物学和生物地化活动。潜流带在溪流有机物的分解和水质净化等生态过程中发挥着重要的作用。潜流带是溪流集水区内各种环境特征的综合表征体 ,它能够反映周围景观的环境条件及其变化 ,集水区内的自然或人为干扰 ,都会影响到潜流带的水文循环、理化特征、生境分布、营养结构和基本生态过程。因此 ,对溪流生态系统的综合管理必须包括潜流带。Stream is complex three dimensional ecosystem, in which the interface of interaction between surface-water and groundwater influenced the exchange of water and solutes between stream surface-water and groundwater. In recent 10～20 years, a previously unrecognized habitat, the hyporheic zone, has been recognized as a critical component of many streams. The studies on hyporheic zone has revealed the significance of hyporheic zone in structure component, function and processes of stream ecosystem. Hyporheic zone is defined as the saturated interstitial areas beneath the stream bed and into the stream banks that contain some proportion of water from the stream surface channel or that have been altered by channel water infiltration. This definition emphasized that presence of surface-water is a key property of hyporheic zones. Thus, the hyporheic zone is known as an ecotone between groundwater and surface-water. It occupied a central location between the surface-water above, permeable alluvial aquifers below, the riparian zones laterally, and the groundwater below. The recent advances of study on the significance of hyporheic zone in stream ecosystem have got a deeper understanding of stream ecology and broadened physical space of hydrobiont habitat and area of organism's interaction and production presence. Hyporheic zones are hotspots of biodiversity and now known to harbor a rich assemblage of organisms which exert a significant effect on function of stream ecosystem, such as metabolism, nutrient cycle, and surface-subsurface interactions. The hyporheos, biota inhabiting the hyporheic zone, exhibit various adaptations to this habitat. Evidence suggests that many invertebrates and microbiota present in hyporheic zone. The main ecological role of the hyporheic zone appears to be that of the alteration of water chemistry. Most decomposition and microbial processing of stream organic matter occur in there. Along a single stream riffle, there is a typical flow pattern in which surface-water enters the hyporheic zone i

关 键 词：溪流生态系统 潜流带 生态学 水生生物 生产力 生物地化 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]