呋虫胺原药及两种剂型对三种甲壳纲生物的毒性与风险评价  

Toxicity and Risk of Different Formulations of Dinotefuran to Three Crustaceans

作　　者：张文萍[1] 王全胜[1] 徐吉洋 朱国念[1] 李少南[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农药与环境毒理研究所,杭州310029

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2015年第8期1478-1485,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(LY12B07008)

摘　　要：采用静态法测定了呋虫胺原药、20%可溶性粉剂(SP)和1%颗粒剂(G)对大型溞(Daphnia magna)、老年低额溞(Simocephalus vetulus)和锯缘真剑水蚤(Eucyclops serrulatus)三种甲壳纲生物的24 h和48 h毒性。结果表明,以实测浓度计,呋虫胺原药、可溶性粉剂和颗粒剂对大型溞的48h-LC50分别为1.08、22.96、0.36 mg·L-1,对老年低额溞的48h-LC50分别为1.21、10.65、0.40mg·L-1,对锯缘真剑水蚤的48h-LC50分别为0.08、0.04、0.04 mg·L-1。与呋虫胺原药相比,1%颗粒剂对大型溞和低额溞的急性毒性增大,可溶性粉剂对二者的毒性则降低,但两种剂型对剑水蚤的毒性均略高于原药,且二者毒性差异不显著。另采用暴露浓度估计模型(GENEEC)对呋虫胺两种使用方法(即SP喷施和G撒施)所对应的急性风险进行了初步评估。结果表明,颗粒剂对大型溞、低额溞、剑水蚤的风险熵值(RQ)分别为0.070、0.063、0.63,可溶性粉剂的分别为0.000 54、0.001 2、0.31。这说明:就物种而言,呋虫胺对剑水蚤的急性风险较高,对其他两种生物无急性风险;就剂型而言,颗粒剂剂型的急性风险较可溶性粉剂高。Dinotefuran,a furanicotinyl insecticide in the third generation of neonicotinoids,is soluble in water,thus may causing toxicity to aquatic life.A static method was employed to assess the acute toxicity of technical material(TM)of dinotefuran and its two formulations,i.e.20% soluble powder(SP)and 1% granules(G),to Daphnia magna,Simocephalus vetulus and Eucyclops serrulatus.Based on measured concentrations,the 48 h-LC50 of TM,SP and G of dinotefuran was 1.08,22.96 mg·L-1and 0.36 mg·L-1for Daphnia magna,1.21,10.65,0.40 mg·L-1for Simocephalus vetulus,and 0.08,0.04 and 0.04 mg·L-1for Eucyclops serrulatus,respectively.Compared with TM of dinotefuran,the acute toxicity of 1% G to Daphnia magna and Simocephalus vetulus was greater,while 20% SP was less.Both formulations had similar acute toxicity to Eucyclops serrulatus,which was slightly higher than that of TM.Furthermore,GENEEC model was used to assess the acute risk of both formulations.The risk quotients(RQ)of 1% G and 20% SP,calculated by dividing the estimated environmental concentrations(EECs)by LC50 were 0.070,0.063,and 0.63 and 0.000 54,0.001 2 and 0.31 for Daphnia magna,Simocephalus vetulus,and Eucyclops serrulatus,respectively,indicating that from species point of view both of the two formulations had high risk to the Eucyclops serrulatus but they had no risk to the other two species,and from the point of formulation the acute risk of 1% G was higher than that of 20% SP.

关 键 词：呋虫胺 原药 剂型 甲壳纲 急性毒性 风险评估 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4