制度紧张、乡村分化与农民环境抗争——基于湘中农民“大行动”的个案分析  

Institutional Dilemma,Rural Differentiation and Farmers' Environment Protest

作　　者：陈占江[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学法政学院,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第3期1-9,121,共10页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目"环境健康风险的公众认知及其形塑机制研究"(13YJC840004)

摘　　要：近年来,我国的农民环境抗争不断爆发而多数未能实现其抗争诉求。案例中,受到环境侵害的易村农民通过"结盟"与"树敌"、"依法"与"依势"、"示弱"与"示强"、"求内"与"借外"等多元抗争策略,试图借助政治机会、伦理道义、外部资源等提升集体行动的合法性和有效性。然而,政治文本为农民环境抗争提供的政治机会在实践中被地方政府以无既定规则的非制度化应对策略予以封闭。同时,地方政府、污染企业以权力和金钱为媒介不断在乡村社会中拓殖所形成的权力结构,极大地消解了农民集体行动的意愿和能力。由于国家与农民之间缺乏有效联接和制衡机制,农民环境抗争大多处于孤立无援、进退失据的困境。In recent years,farmers' environmental protests broke out continuously while the majority failed to achieve their appeals to fight. Farmers took multiple strategies to enhance the legitimacy and effectiveness of collective action with the help of political opportunity,ethical morality and external resources. However,with no established rules and non-institutionalized coping strategies the local government repressed the political opportunity that the political text provided for farmers in their environmental protests. Meanwhile,the local government and polluting enterprises reallocated and reconstructed the power structure of rural society through money and political power and such a new power structure of rural society greatly relieved the willingness and ability of farmers' collective action. Due to the lack of effective mechanism of connecting and balancing between the state and farmers,farmers' environmental protests are mostly isolated and helpless.

关 键 词：环境抗争 政治机会结构 乡村权力结构 乡村分化 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学]