风沙土改良剂对白菜生理特性和生长状况的影响  

Effects of Peat and Weathered Coal on Physiological Characteristics and Growth of Chinese Cabbage on Aeolian Sandy Land

作　　者：陈伏生[1] 曾德慧[1] 陈广生[1] 王桂荣[1] 张春兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2003年第2期152-155,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所知识创新工程重大项目(SCXZD0102);内蒙古自治区十五科技攻关课题(20010103)资助

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验,选用泥炭和风化煤作为风沙土改良剂,分析其在不同土壤水分条件下对土壤的改良效果以及对白菜生理特性和生长状况的影响。结果表明,施入8%泥炭明显有利于改良风沙土理化性质,表现为土壤容重、总孔隙度、pH值、全N、碱解N、速效P、速效K明显改善;促进了白菜的生长,表现为白菜的蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、高生长和生物量明显优于对照。尽管施入8%风化煤对风沙土的大部分理化性质得到了明显改善,但白菜的生理和生长指标与对照差异不显著。在8%泥炭处理中,土壤水分充足的条件下同微干旱相比,表现为有利于白菜生理和生长的改善和提高,但8%风化煤处理却表现为土壤微干旱优于水分充足。因此,认为泥炭是风沙土的优良改良剂,施用泥炭有利于提高作物的产量,维持较高的土地生产力。In order to find an effective way to improve the productivity of aeolian sandy land, we analyzed the effects of 8% peat and weathered coal on the physiological characters and growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) on aeolian sandy land on the basis of pot experiments. 8% peat treatments greatly improved the aeolian sandy soil physical and chemical characteristics. Soil bulk density, total porosity degree, total N, alkali N, available P and K increased, and soil pH value decreased to be little acid or neutralized. The effects of 8% peat on the Chinese cabbage were that the physiological and growth characteristics such as height growth, biomass, transpiration rate and water use efficiency obviously were better than the controls. Although most of soil physical and chemical properties of 8% weathered coal treatments were better than the controls, the Chinese cabbages physiological characteristics and growth indices of 8% weathered coal treatments were not better than those of the controls. The effects of adequate soil moisture in 8% peat treatment on the growth of Chinese cabbage were better than those of dry soil moisture, while the effects of soil moisture of 8% weathered coal treatments on the growth of Chinese cabbage showed inverse trends. Therefore, peat would be an excellent soil amendment and a molding moisture substance. The application of peat could improve the outputs of crops, land productivity in sandy areas. 

关 键 词：风沙土改良剂 白菜 生理特性 生长状况 泥炭 风化煤 水分利用效率 土壤改良 产量 土地生产力 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S141.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]