基于作物生长模型的夏玉米灌溉需求分析  

Water Requirement and Irrigation Scenarios of Summer Maize Production Aided by Crop Growth Simulation Model

作　　者：毛振强[1] 张银锁[1] 宇振荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094

出　　处：《作物学报》2003年第3期419-426,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 ( G19990 1170 9);荷兰 SAIL基金会的中荷合作项目 ( SAIL -SPP 2 99. 3 99)资助

摘　　要：用校正后的作物模拟模型 (PS12 3模型 )和河北曲周县 196 6～ 1999年的逐日气象资料为依据 ,分析了当地夏玉米的需水量和优化灌溉方案。结果表明 ,该地区玉米生长季灌溉需水量的年际变异高达 80 %以上。用模拟的蒸散量计算的 1999玉米水分利用效率一般在 17～ 2 5 kg· hm- 2 · mm- 1 之间 ,雨养条件下的水分利用效率较高 ,可达 2 9kg· hm- 2 ·m m- 1 。在引入灌溉水利用效率 (IWUE)这一概念后 ,利用作物生长模拟模型分别探讨了经济上和生态上许可的玉米灌溉方案。根据对 34年历史资料的模拟灌溉试验结果 ,若仅从经济上许可的角度考虑 ,有 35 .5 %的年份适宜雨养 ,88.3%的年份只需 2次以下灌溉 ,82 .4 %的年份只需 10 0 mm以下的灌溉水 ;若从生态上许可的角度考虑 ,这些百分比分别为5 2 .9%、91.2 %和 97.1%。与该地区的农业生产用水现状相比 ,具有很大的节水潜力。Water and irrigation requirements of summer maize were determined using the calibrated model(PS123) and climate data collected at the Quzhou Weather Station from 1966 to 1999. Irrigation water requirements for summer maize in Quzhou were found to vary by as much as 80 percent among years. Water use efficiency (WUE) calculated against the simulated evapotranspiration in 1999 generally ranged from 17 to 2 5kg·hm -2 ·mm -1 . It even reached 29 kg ·hm -2 ·mm -1 under rain fed conditions. Based on the concept of the irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE), optimum economic criteria and ecological criteria, it proved that it was possible to improve the present experienced irrigation schedule. Time series analysis of 34 year (with optimum economic returns as the objective) suggests that maize could be grown rain fed in 35 5% of all years. It would need only 2 supplemental irrigations or less in 88 8% of all years and less than 100mm of irrigation water in 82 4% of all years. If optimized for ecological sustainability, the above percentages would increase to 52.9%, 91.2% and 97 1% respectively. Compared with current irrigation practices in the studied region, substantial savings of irrigation water are possible.

关 键 词：作物生长模型 夏玉米 灌溉 水分利用效率 灌溉水利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]