影响种蛋孵化率的环境和管理因素  

Environmental and Feeding Factors of Hatching

作　　者：洪渊[1] 豆彩红 

机构地区：[1]上海市华申曾祖代蛋鸡场,上海浦东200100

出　　处：《家畜生态》2003年第2期58-63,共6页Ecology of Domestic Animal

摘　　要：　许多因素对种蛋的孵化率有显著影响,因此不同孵化场甚至同一孵化场的孵化率也有很大差异。一些环境和管理因素如温度、湿度、转蛋等对孵化控制很重要。同时,入孵前种蛋管理和出雏后雏鸡的放置同样影响孵化效果和雏鸡质量。本文讨论了获得好的孵化率的环境和技术因素,也提到了对这些因素作用的生物学机理,特别是发育中胚胎忍耐性的研究结果。了解这些有助于我们深刻理解上述影响孵化的因素。必须提供最佳的种蛋收集、储存和处置条件以保证入孵前和孵化期间胚胎的存活力。入孵后孵化机中的温度、湿度、翻蛋、凉蛋、落盘、出雏机和雏鸡处置必须进行控制,才能获得尽量多的雏鸡,降低可售雏鸡的成本。A high number of environmental and genetic factors are influencing hatchability and thus cause highly variable hatching results in different hatcheries. We've known the most importance to the control of breeding factors like tempreture, humidity, turning, etc., but egg handling before setting and chick handling after hatching are also essential variables for hatching results and chick quality. This article discusses not only optimal environmental and technical conditions for good hatchability, but also refer to the biological respects of those factors. Studies of the biological background, especially the tolerance levels of the developing embryo, are also contributing to our understanding of environmental factors, thus we can control them better to maximize the number of high quality chicks and minimize the cost of saleable chick.

关 键 词：种蛋孵化率 环境因素 管理因素 鸡 胚胎耐受性 

分 类 号：S831.3[农业科学—畜牧学]