FACE条件下CO_2浓度和温度增高对北方水稻光合作用与产量的影响研究  

Impacts of elevated CO_2 and increasing temperature on rice photosynthesis and yield in North China under FACE system

作　　者：谢立勇[1] 姜乐[1] 冯永祥[2] 赵洪亮[1] 王惠贞[1] 林而达[3] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110866 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2014年第3期101-107,共7页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41175097)

摘　　要：大气中二氧化碳(CO2)浓度已由工业革命前的280μmol/mol增加到目前的400μmol/mol,并且仍将持续增加。作为光合作用的主要底物,CO2浓度增高对作物光合生理和产量形成将产生深刻的影响。利用开放式CO2浓度富集(FACE)系统,以北方水稻松粳9号和稻花香2号为供试材料,设置高CO2浓度(600μmol/mol)和正常大气CO2浓度(400μmol/mol),同时进行覆膜增温处理,研究CO2浓度与温度增高对水稻光合作用与产量的影响。结果表明,无论覆膜与否,大气CO2浓度增高均提高了水稻的叶片净光合速率、水分利用效率、地上部生物质量和产量,降低了气孔导度和蒸腾速率。覆膜处理增强了净光合速率、地上部生物质量和产量增高的趋势,同时减缓了气孔导度和蒸腾速率在高浓度CO2下降低的趋势。研究说明,覆膜处理下的增温会提高高CO2浓度下水稻的光合作用效率,促进增产潜力,增强水稻在高CO2浓度环境下的适应能力。The atmospheric CO2concentration has increased to 400μmol/mol from preindustrial 280μmol/mol,and it will be increasing.As one of the main substrates of photosynthesis,elevated atmospheric CO2 affected crops photosynthetic physiology and yield formation.Taking two rice varieties in North China,Songjing 9and Daohuaxiang 2,as materials,field experiment was conducted by using Free-Air CO2Enrichment(FACE)system in Changping Agricultural Experiment Station.The experiment was designed two CO2treatments of 600μmol/mol and 400μmol/mol,and two film treatments of with covering film and without covering film.The results showed that elevated CO2concentration increased the rice leaf net photosynthetic rate,water use efficiency,biomass above ground and yield,the covering film strengthened the effect.However,the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased with high concentration CO2treatment,covering film also alleviated the effect.The results indicated that under the covering film treatment of temperature rising,elevated CO2concentration fasten the photosynthetic capacity of rice growth and yield,and improved the adaptive capacity of rice under the environment of elevated CO2concentration.

关 键 词：水稻 产量 FACE系统 净光合速率 覆膜处理 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]