灌溉用水效率评价指标及模型构建与实例应用  

Evaluation index of irrigation water efficiency and case verification

作　　者：李绍飞[1,2] 余萍[1] 孙书洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水利工程学院,天津300384 [2]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2014年第3期188-195,共8页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51179117)

摘　　要：针对灌溉用水效率尚未形成一套能够全面反映灌区灌溉工程状况、用水管理和灌溉技术水平,且概念合理、易于推广应用的指标体系等问题,在对不同类型灌区进行实地调研的基础上,结合我国灌区用水实际,从种植结构、工程状况、管理水平、用水指标等方面探讨农田灌溉用水效率指标,明确各指标的计算方法。依据现有规划、规范及发展现状,借鉴国内外农业用水的先进水平,界定了灌溉用水效率的评价等级,分别针对大、中、小型灌区提出了单项指标的分级标准,构建评价模型。选取东北、西北和华北地区的11个典型灌区进行实例应用,结果表明:干桥湾灌区用水效率接近高效,双树西渠灌区和塘角渠灌区用水效率较高效,白崖渠灌区和北川渠灌区为中等水平,其他灌区用水效率均为低效和较低效水平。所得结论与实际情况基本一致,验证了指标体系、评价标准及模型的合理性和可行性。Irrigation water efficiency assessment index reflects the irrigation project status,the irrigation water management level and irrigation technique level.However,there is no universal assessment index system for all types of irrigation areas.In this paper,on the basis of the abundant practical investigation,combining the actual situation of irrigation area,the irrigation water efficiency assessment index was put forward and corresponding calculation formula was defined.Referring to the advanced irrigation water use efficiency both domestic and abroad,water use efficiency classification was determined,and gradation standards for large-sized,medium-sized and small-sized irrigation area were proposed.Based on fuzzy theory,a model for irrigation water use efficiency evaluation was established,and it was applied to typical irrigation area as a case study.The result shows that irrigation water efficiency of Ganqiaowan irrigation area is close to high level,meanwhile Shuangshuxiqu irrigation area and Tangjiaoqu irrigation area are a little bit higher level,and the others are medium level or less than medium level.That the result is consistent with the actual situation verifies the rationality and practicality of the above assessment index,standards and model.

关 键 词：灌溉用水 效率 评价指标 评价模型 分级标准 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]