中国花生主产区生产布局演变规律及动因挖掘  

Analysis on Spatial Distribution Evolution of Main Peanut Production Areas in China and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：周曙东[1] 景令怡 孟桓宽 乔辉[1] ZHOU Shudong;JING Lingyi;MENG Huankuan;QIAO Hui

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2018年第3期100-109,共10页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农产品安全、气候变化与农业生产转型研究”(编号:13&ZD160);国家现代农业(花生)产业技术体系—产业经济(编号:CARS-14-8B);南京农业大学中国粮食安全保障研究中心,江苏省高校优秀学科建设工程项目—农业经济管理

摘　　要：本文总结归纳了黄淮海、长江流域、华南、东北四大花生主产区生产布局演变规律,结论显示黄淮海地区一直是中国最大的花生主产区,且花生种植面积及产量稳定增长,黄淮海主产区内花生种植面积增加的主要动因是相对收益率的提高、机械化水平的提高和良种补贴综合作用的结果,挖掘了主产区花生生产布局演变的主要驱动力,发现相对收益率是影响种植业结构调整的重要内在动因,自然灾害成灾率是影响种植业结构调整的重要外部动因,当出现严重旱灾后,农户会减少玉米、水稻的面积,扩大较为耐旱的花生面积;大豆进口推动了花生种植面积的扩张;花生播种与收获的机械化水平的提高会促进花生种植;良种补贴政策对黄淮海、长江流域和东北主产区花生种植均有显著正向影响。基于研究结论本文针对各主产区提出优化花生生产布局对策建议。This paper summarizes the spatial distribution evolution of the four peanut areas in Huang-Huai-Hai,Yangtze River basin,South China and Northeast China.We conclude that the Huang-Huai-Hai region is China’s largest peanut producing areas,where peanut acreage and yield increase steadily.The main influencing factors for the increase of peanut acreage in this area includes relative rate of return,mechanization level,and seed subsidy.Since 2008,peanut acreage in northeastern region increases rapidly,and so does the proportion of peanut acreage of northeastern region in whole China.The influencing factors for the increase of peanut acreage in this area includes relative rate of return,mechanization level,soybean import,natural disaster rate and seed subsidy.In Yangtze River basin,the peanut acreage increases in some provinces,while decreases in other ones.The peanut acreage in southern China is relatively stable,therefore the proportion of peanut acreage of southern China in whole China has decreased as a result of the decrease of relative effect of relative rate of return,mechanization level and natural disaster rate.The paper explores the main driving factors of the evolution of main peanut producing areas and finds that the relative rate of return is the internal drive factors for the production structure adjustment,while natural disaster rate is the external drive factors.When serious drought occurs,the farmers reduce the area of corn and rice and expand the more drought-tolerant peanut acreage.Soybean import contributes to the expansion of peanut acreage.Increasing of mechanization level of sowing and harvesting of peanuts promotes peanut production.The seed subsidy policy has a significant positive effect on the peanut production in Huang-Huai-Hai,Yangtze River basin,and Northeast China.Based on the conclusions of the study,the paper also provides differentiated development strategies for each main peanut production area.

关 键 词：花生主产区 生产布局 演变规律 影响动因 

分 类 号：F326.12[经济管理—产业经济]