3WPZ-4型风送式葡萄喷雾机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of 3WPZ-4 Type Air-assisted Grape Sprayer

作　　者：董祥[1] 张铁[1] 燕明德[1] 杨学军[1] 严荷荣 孙星 

机构地区：[1]中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京100083 [2]现代农装科技股份有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第S1期205-213,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700903);国家国际科技合作专项(2013DFA71130);国家自然科学基金项目(51405496)

摘　　要：为解决施药作业过程中劳动强度大、农药利用率低、流失严重,成本高等问题,结合超声波靶标探测、多柔性出风管风送与气流辅助式精量施药、精量喷雾控制等核心技术,设计与PT-115型多功能自走式底盘配套使用的3WPZ-4型葡萄喷雾机,该喷雾机喷药葡萄行距2. 5~3. 5 m,喷雾行数4行,作业速度4. 0~6. 0 km/h,药箱容量1 600 L,额定喷雾压力0. 5~1. 0 MPa。4年生酿酒葡萄园施药作业结果表明,3WPZ-4型风送式葡萄喷雾机在额定喷雾压力时,喷雾量为37. 4~78. 7 L/min,雾滴体积中径为132. 1~251. 1μm。为测试开发的施药系统喷雾性能,将精准对靶系统关闭,使用1. 2 mm喷嘴,喷雾压力1. 0 MPa,无风送时,施药量为801. 2 L/hm2,药液沉积率最低为53. 24%,地面流失率最大为15. 53%,飘移率最高为31. 23%;使用1. 5 mm喷嘴,喷雾压力1. 0 MPa,有风送时,施药量为1 005. 4 L/hm2,药液沉积率最高为71. 90%,飘移率最低为15. 68%;使用1. 2 mm喷嘴,喷雾压力0. 5 MPa,有风送时,施药量为408. 4 L/hm2,药液地面流失率最低为10. 77%;无辅助风时药液平均沉积率为58. 83%,平均地面流失率为14. 48%,平均飘移率为26. 69%,有辅助风时药液平均沉积率为68. 94%,平均地面流失率为12. 08%,平均飘移率为18. 98%,使用辅助风使药液平均沉积率提高了17. 2%,平均地面流失率降低了16. 56%,平均飘移率降低了28. 87%。启动精准对靶系统,试验中精准对靶系统喷雾量平均误差2. 90%,药液平均沉积率为65. 76%,平均地面流失率为13. 40%,平均飘移率为20. 84%。To reduce labor intensive,increase pesticides availability and decrease loss and other issues,the 3 WPZ-4 type grape sprayer matching on model PT-115 multifunctional self-propelled chassis was developed,which contained the technology of ultrasonic target probe,flexibility discharge pipes airassisted precision spray and integrated control. The 3 WPZ-4 type air-assisted grape sprayer with 1 600 L tank can operate for four rows wine grape at the same time and the designed spray pressure was form0. 5 MPa to 1. 0 MPa which adapted to 2. 5 ~ 3. 5 m wine grape row spacing. Four years wine grape pesticides application test showed that the spray water volume of 3 WPZ-4 type air-assisted grape sprayer was from 37. 4 L/min to 78. 7 L/min,droplet median volume diameter was form 132. 1 μm to 251. 1 μm.Without precision target system and no air-assisted,using 1. 2 mm nozzle at 1. 0 MPa spray pressure,the minimum pesticides deposition rate was 53. 24%,the maximum loss rate was 15. 53% and drift rate was31. 23% at spray water volume of 801. 2 L/hm2. With air-assisted,using 1. 5 mm nozzle at 1. 0 MPa spray pressure,the maximum deposition rate was 71. 90%,and the minimum drift rate was 15. 68% at spray water volume of 1 005. 4 L/hm2. Using 1. 2 mm nozzle at 0. 5 MPa spray pressure with air-assisted,the minimum loss rate was 10. 77% at spray water volume of 408. 4 L/hm2. Without air-assisted,average pesticides deposition rate was 58. 83%,average loss rate was 14. 48%,and the average drift rate was26. 69%. With air-assisted,average pesticides deposition rate was 68. 94%,average loss rate was12. 08%,and average drift rate was 18. 98%. With air-assisted,average pesticides deposition rate wasincreased by 17. 2%,average loss rate was reduced by 16. 56%,and average drift rate was lowered by28. 87%. When using precision target system,the average spray water volume error was 2. 90%,average pesticides deposition rate was 65. 76%,average loss rate was 13. 40%,and average drift rate was20. 84%.

关 键 词：葡萄喷雾机 风送式 设计 试验 

分 类 号：S491[农业科学—植物保护]