污水处理生物技术的应用  

APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT

作　　者：况琪军[1] 胡征宇[1] 夏宜琤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2003年第3期259-264,共6页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：欧盟国际合作项目"人工湿地系统污水处理技术研究(ERBIC18CT960059)";国家重点科技攻关项目"城市污水低耗简易实用处理技术研究(96-909-01-03-01)"资助.

摘　　要：针对环保要求日益严格,而水源污染却越演越烈的现象,选择性地综述了湿地工艺、固定化藻类和活性污泥等生物技术在污水处理中的应用实例及其在净化废水、减轻水体富营养化方面的显著作用。三项生物技术的共同特点是高效快速、低耗节能、简易实用、管理方便且能耐受高负荷污水的冲击。净化污水主要通过基质的过滤吸附、微生物的分解代谢、植物根系或藻类的吸收利用等理化和生物的协同作用。确保和提高污水净化效果的关键因素是:湿地系统———水力负荷与停留时间、有机污染物负荷、根系发达的植物种类;固定化藻类———载体的传导性能和孔径、被固定藻类的细胞粒径、密度和生长状态、藻类生长的最适pH和温度条件;活性污泥技术———单位体积内好气性微生物的浓度及其与其他活性生物的比例、活性污泥的循环速度与回用、系统中的溶氧浓度和好气条件。A number of investigations have been conducted worldwide on the ability of biotechnologies to re - moval nutrients from domestic,industrial,mineral and agricultural wastewater.The review gives a general outline of the biotechnologies such as wetland technique,immobilized algae and activated sludge.The advantages of these biotechnologies are relatively low cost and high efficiency,simple and practical,easy operation with good resistance to shock loading.The purification mechanisms of the techniques on wastewater purification are based on the adsorption and filtration of substrates,the oxidation and catabolism of microbes as well as the absorption and utilization of plants or algae.It is considered that the critical parameters such as hydraulic loading rate,hy - draulic retention time,organic loading rate and aerobic conditions in treatment systems are the more important factors for improving treatment efficient.

关 键 词：生物技术 污水处理 湿地工艺 藻类固定化 活性污泥 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]