长江流域的氮收支  

A Nitrogen Budget of the Changjiang River Catchment

作　　者：沈志良[1] 刘群[1] 张淑美[1] 苗辉[1] 张平[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛市南海路7号中国科学院海洋研究所,266071

出　　处：《AMBIO－人类环境杂志》2003年第1期65-69,共5页

摘　　要：根据1997～1998年长江河口的现场调查和长江上游至河口雨水采样、历史资料以及文献提供的资料,对长江流域总氮(TN)、溶解无机氮(DIN)的各种来源和长江口氮的输送进行初步估算和分析。长江口各种形式氮的输出通量主要由径流量所控制,1998年特大洪水年长江口硝态氮(NO_3-N)、DIN和TN的输出通量分别为每年1438×10~3t或795.1kg/km^2、1746×10~3t或965.4kg/km^2和2849×10~3t或1575.3kg/km^2。研究表明长江和长江口TN和DIN主要来源于降水、农业非点状来源、化肥和土壤中的氮流失、点状工业废水来源及生活污水的排放,它们分别占长江口氮输出通量的56.2%和62.3%、15.4%和18.5%、17.1%和14.4%,均以中游输入量最大。Based on 1997-1998 field investigations in the Changjiang river mouth, rain sampling from the river's upper reaches to the mouth, historical data, and relevant literature, the various sources of Total Nitrogen (TN) and Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) in the Changjiang river catchment and N transport in the Changjiang river mouth were estimated. The export fluxes of various form of N were mainJy controlled by the river runoff, and the export fluxes of NO3-N, DIN and TN in 1998 (an especially heavy flood year) were 1438 103 tonnes (t) yr-1 or 795.1 kg km2 yr-1 ,1746 103 t yr-1 or 965.4 kg km-2 yr-1 and 2849 103 t yr-1 or 1575.3 kg km-2 yr-1, respectively. The TN and DIN in the Changjiang river came mainly from precipitation, agricultural nonpoint sources, N lost from fertilizer and soil, and point sources of industrial waste and residential sewage discharge, which were about 56.2% and 62.3%, 15.4% and 18.5%, 17.1% and 14. 4%, respectively, of the N outflow at the Changjiang river mouth; maximum transport being in the middle reaches.

关 键 词：长江流域 输出通量 总氮 溶解无机氮 来源 输入量 氮循环 大气污染 氮沉降 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]