道路伤害的病例对照研究  

A case-control study on the risk factors for road injury

作　　者：刘改芬[1] 韩松[2] 梁多宏[2] 王凤芝[2] 史新竹[2] 于舰[3] 乌正赉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院基础医学研究所中国协和医科大学基础医学院流行病学教研室,北京100005 [2]沈阳医学院流行病学教研室 [3]沈阳市公安局交通警察支队事故处

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2003年第6期480-483,共4页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

摘　　要：目的　探讨道路伤害危险因素。方法　采用病例对照研究方法 ,于 2 0 0 1年 11月至2 0 0 2年 8月收集沈阳市皇姑区发生机动车交通事故的事故组驾驶员 40 6例 ,并同期在皇姑区内于随机时间、随机地点调查道路上正常行驶的对照组驾驶员 438名。采用统一问卷、面询方法 ,调查内容包括驾驶员的一般情况 ,连续驾驶时间 ,事故 /调查前睡眠状况 ,急、慢性困倦程度 (采用Stanford和Epworth困倦量表测量 ) ,饮酒 ,吸烟 ,驾驶安全态度和行为 ,车速 ,车辆状况等。 结果　处于慢性困倦状态的驾驶员发生事故的危险性是非困倦状态驾驶员的 1.98倍 (OR =1.98,95 %CI:1.2 6～ 3 .12 ) ,事故组驾驶员的困倦程度高于对照组 ,但差异无显著性 (OR =2 .38,95 %CI:0 .89～ 6 .31)。夜班或倒班发生事故的危险是常白班的 2 .0 9倍 (OR =2 .0 9,95 %CI:1.48～ 2 .94) ,酒后驾车发生事故的危险性是非酒后驾车的 3 .5 9倍 (OR =3.5 9,95 %CI :1.13～ 11.39) ,无人约束时会违章的驾驶员发生事故的危险性是不违章驾驶员的 1.73倍 (OR =1.73 ,95 %CI:1.2 2～ 2 .46 )。结论　慢性困倦、夜班或倒班、酒后驾车、违章等是道路伤害的危险因素 ,急性困倦可能是道路伤害的一个潜在危险因素。Objective To investigate the risk factors of road injury. Methods Case-control study was used. From November 2001 to August 2002, 406 drivers who had 438 drivers who had not experienced a motor vehicle crash in Huanggu district, Shenyang city were recruited by randomly selection on time of day, day of week and site in the same period at same district. Face to face interviews with drivers were conducted according to a highly structured questionnaire covering the circumstances of the current trip, usual behavior and background characteristics of the drivers and the condition of motor vehicles. Stanford sleepiness scale and Epworth sleepiness scale were used to quantify acute and chronic sleepiness respectively. Results Increased risk was associated with drivers who identified themselves as having chronic doziness ( OR = 1.98,95% CI : 1.26- 3.12). Increase in risk was associated with measures of acute tiredness,but without statistical significance ( OR = 2.38,95% CI : 0.89- 6.31). Comparing to permanent daytime work pattern, rotating shifts or permanent night-work pattern increased the risk of crash ( OR = 2.09,95% CI : 1.48- 2.94). The risk of motor vehicle crash among the drivers who drank alcohol in the previous 6 hours was 3.59 times (95% CI : 1.13- 11.39) of those drivers who did not drink. Driving violations also contributed to the increased risk of crash ( OR = 1.73,95% CI : 1.22- 2.46).Conclusion Factors as chronic doziness, rotating shifts or permanent night-work pattern, driving under alcohol impairment, violation of motor vehicle regulation all significantly increased the risk of road injury. Acute sleepiness might serve as a potential risk factor for road injury.

关 键 词：道路伤害 病例对照研究 危险因素 流行病学 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学]