乙腈液相加氢制备乙胺新型高效催化剂的研制  

Preparation of New Effective Catalysts for Liquid Phase Acetonitrile Hydrogenation to Acetylamine

作　　者：吴跃东[1] 张静[1] 李和兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学化学系,上海200234

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2003年第3期418-422,共5页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(29973025);上海市教委重点发展基金资助项目(01DZ01)

摘　　要：以乙腈液相选择性加氢制备乙胺为目标反应,分别制备了超细Ni B和Co B非晶态合金催化剂,比较了不同催化剂的活性和对乙胺选择性,得到如下结果:活性顺序为Ni B非晶态合金>Co B非晶态合金>RaneyNi;对目标产物乙胺的选择性顺序为Co B非晶态合金>Ni B非晶态合金>RaneyNi,其中Co B非晶态合金乙腈加氢,乙胺的最高得率超过90%,有良好的工业化应用前景.通过催化剂表征和动力学研究,初步讨论了催化性能与催化剂结构的关系.Ultrafine NiB and CoB amorphous alloy catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction. Their catalytic performance was evaluated during the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of acetonitrile to acetylamine and was compared with Raney Ni, a traditional industrial catalyst used for nitrile hydrogenation. The experimental results demonstrated that the activity of the asprepared catalysts changed in the order of NiB amorphous alloy > CoB amorphous alloy > Raney Ni. While the selectivity to acetylamine changed in the order of CoB amorphous alloy > NiB amorphous alloy > Raney Ni. Over the CoB amorphous alloy catalyst, the maximum yield of acetylamine might reach more than 90% during the acetonitrile hydrogenation under the present conditions, showing its potential in industrial application. Based on the kinetic studies on the acetonitrile hydrogenating reaction and the characterizations of the catalysts, the relationship between the catalytic behaviors and the structural properties of the catalysts were discussed briefly. The higher activity of the amorphous alloy could be attributed to both its unique longrange disordering while shortrange ordering structure and the electronic interaction between metal and alloying boron. However, the superior selectivity to acetylamine of the amorphous alloy was mainly attributed to the electronic effect.

关 键 词：Ni—B和Co-B 非晶态催化剂 乙腈 乙胺 催化加氢 

分 类 号：O641.1[理学—物理化学]