“共和同化原则”面临挑战——法国的移民问题  

Principle of Republic Integration "Faces Challenge-Immigrant Issue in France

作　　者：马胜利[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院欧洲研究所

出　　处：《欧洲研究》2003年第3期105-118,共14页Chinese Journal of European Studies

摘　　要：法国在历史上属于对外来移民开放的国家。法国人从大革命起便树立起这样一种理想观念:在统一和不可分割的共和国中,所有人都享有平等地位,国家对公民一视同仁。在这种观念指导下,法国把自己变成一个“大熔炉”,所有外来移民都应当放弃自己原来的语言、文化和宗教,接受共和国的同化,以便成为法国公民。这种“大一统”的共和同化政策在19世纪对来自欧洲诸国的移民颇为有效。但二战后的新移民多来自阿拉伯和非洲地区,且信仰穆斯林教,这便超越了法国“大熔炉”的同化能力。如今,移民问题已成为法国面临的重大挑战。法国的社会文化结构正在由共和“大一统”模式向多元文化社会模式演变。France was a country opening to immigrant in its history. Since the French Revolution it held the idea that: everyone had equal position in an unified and indivisible republic, and state should treat all citizens equally. Guided by this idea, France made itself a big ' melting pot' , and insisted that immigrants should give up its mother languages, cultures and religions, so that to be integrated and become citizens of France. This 'unified 'principle of republic integration was quite effective in solving immigrant issue in the 19th century. But it is beyond the reach of the integration of the'melting pot'since the Second World War, as most of the new immigrants are from Arabian and African countries, and most of them believe in ISlam. Nowadays, the issue of immigrant has already become a big challenge to France,and its social and cultural structure is in the process of transforming from 'unified' to multi-culture one.

关 键 词：“共和同化原则” 法国 移民问题 语言 文化 宗教 

分 类 号：D756.5[政治法律—政治学]