彭泽鲫染色体数目及倍性的细胞遗传学分析  

Cytogenetic analysis of chromosome number and ploidy of Carassius auratus variety pengze

作　　者：杨睿姣[1] 李冰霞[1] 冯浩[1] 杨楚彬[1] 孙远东[1] 张轩杰[1] 罗琛[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学生命科学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《动物学报》2003年第1期104-109,共6页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

摘　　要：对彭泽鲫 (Carassiusauratusvarietypengze)肾细胞染色体的数目统计分析表明 ,彭泽鲫染色体组是由15 0条基本染色体和若干条小的超数染色体组成。染色体组型按着丝粒位置 15 0条基本染色体可分为四组 ,每组中同源染色体的组数与已知二倍体鲫鱼的同源染色体组数一致。每个染色体小组均由三条同源染色体组成。在亚端部着丝粒染色体组 (st)的第三号染色体组的三条同源染色体的短臂上均有非常明显的随体 ,可作为彭泽鲫是三倍体的细胞遗传学证据。彭泽鲫肾细胞的DNA相对含量是二倍体红鲫肾细胞DNA相对含量的 1 5 5倍 ,与染色体实验结果一致。这些研究结果表明 ,彭泽鲫是一种三倍体鲫鱼 ,其染色体数目为 3n =15 0 +,核型公式为3n =33m +5 1sm +33st+33t [动物学报 49(1) :10 4～ 10 9,2 0 0 3]。Carassius auratus variety pengze is a commonly farmed fish in China. Defining the chromosome number and ploidy of Carassius auratus variety pengze is important to understanding the genetic material, regulation of hereditary variation, developmental mechanism and evolution relationship of this species.Metaphases of Carassius auratus variety pengze were prepared directly from kidney cells in vivo. Chromosome number in all counted complete metaphases of Carassius auratus variety pengze is over 150, and the highest chromosome number in the examined matephases was 169. 86.4% of metaphases had 151 to 161 chromosomes, but there were no multitudinous distributions from 151 to 161. 4.4% of metaphases had more than 161 chromosomes. Metaphases in which the chromosome number was over 150 had some small chromosomes.Analysis of karyotypes showed that the 150 basic chromosomes can be divided into four sections according to the position of the centromere. There are 33 metacentric chromosomes, 51 submetacentric chromosomes, 33 subtelocentric chromosomes and 33 telocentric chromosomes. In each section, homologous chromosomes were grouped according to their relative length and arm ratio. Each homologous chromosome group contained three complete matched homologous chromosomes. Metacentric chromosomes could be grouped into 11 groups, submetacentric chromosomes into 17 groups, subtelocentric chromosomes into 11 groups and telocentric chromosomes into 11 groups. The number of homologous chromosome groups in each section is as much as the number of homologous chromosome pairs in diploid species of the Carassius auratus. In metaphases in which the chromosome number is over 150, there was an unstable number of small chromosomes that can not be classified into the four sections. Therefore, these small chromosomes can be considered supernumerary chromosomes. In the subtelocentric chromosome section, all of the three chromosomes of the third homologous chromosome group have satellites on their short arms. These satellite chromosomes can

关 键 词：彭泽鲫 染色体数目 倍性 细胞遗传学 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]