杞柳瘿蚊的发生与防治  

Willow Twig Gall Midge Occurrence, Biological Behavior and its Control

作　　者：王伟新[1] 张爱芳[2] 戚仁德[2] 徐德进[2] 王文相[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省植保总站,合肥230031 [2]安徽省农业科学院植物保护研究所

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2003年第3期358-359,共2页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：杞柳是工艺柳编的原料 ,通常种植在湖边滩地。安徽省中部约有 10 0 0 0hm2 的种植面积。杞柳瘿蚊发生频繁 ,造成很大的损失。该虫的成虫是一种黑红色的小蚊子 ,长 2 .5～ 3mm ;卵是一头稍尖的圆柱形 ,深红色 ,大小 ( 0 .15～ 0 .2 )mm× ( 0 .5～ 0 .6)mm ;幼虫蛆形 ,淡红至桔红色 ,大小 ( 1.5～ 2 )mm× ( 2 .5～ 3 )mm ;蛹纺锤形 ,桔红色 ,外有薄茧。该虫以幼虫在柳枝的顶端 (生长点 )吸汁 ,刺激生长点长成一个疙瘩。受害的柳枝降低了商品价值。该虫以幼虫在疙瘩内越冬。农民通常将柳枝的底端放在浅水中来保存柳枝 ,使之不干燥以利剥皮。在这种情况下越冬幼虫存活率高 ,成为下一年的虫源。在贮存期消灭越冬虫源是防治该虫最有效的方法。试验证明“柳瘿敌”是防治该虫的有效药剂。Osier( Salix koriyanagi Kimara) can be used to make willow-knit craftwork and can be planted in lake beach. It was planted with about ten thousand hectares in middle of Anhui Province. Willow twig gall midge( Rhabdophaga salics Schrank) occurred frequently and caused heavy loss. The imago of the insect was black red mosquito-like insect with(2.5～3)mm in length. The egg was like an end-sharp column( 0.15 ～0.2)×(0.5～0.6)mm in size and deep red in color. The larva was maggot-like with size(1.5～2)mm×(2.5～3)mm and pale red or orange color. The pupa was spindly with orange color and a thin cocoon outside it. The larva sap willow juice in twig top and stimulated it to become a 'buitton'(gall). The damaged twig can't be used to knit craftwork. The insect had five generations annually. The insect overwintered by larva in the 'button'. Farmers usually store willow twig by putting bottom end in shallow water to keep willow twig wet so that it can be skinned easily. In this condition the overwintering larva survived with very high percentage and became the first source in coming year. To remove the source of the insect in storage stage was a very effective method. The experiment showed that 'Liuyingdi' was very effective.

关 键 词：杞柳瘿蚊 发生规律 生物学特性 防治 

分 类 号：S564.5[农业科学—作物学] S435.79