藏嵩草草地植物群落组成及生产力动态监测研究  

Study on dynamic monitoring of the productivity and composition of plant community on Tibet Kobresia pasture

作　　者：赵忠[1] 王安禄 马海生[1] 卓玛加 马玉明 宋慧琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省畜牧科技开发中心,兰州730030 [2]甘肃省碌曲县畜牧局,甘肃碌曲747200 [3]碌曲县草原站,甘肃碌曲747200

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2003年第2期144-153,共10页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省畜牧科技攻关项目(GMK2001)

摘　　要：通过对青藏高原东缘藏嵩草草地3年的定位监测研究,结果表明:该草地群落主要以湿生、湿中生和中湿生植物组成,共有植物74种,分属16科37属,藏嵩草为优势种,在群落中的平均优势度达32.2 %,占草地密度和植物量的比率分别为57.6 % 和46.8 %,草群中以莎草科草占绝对优势,其密度和生物量比率分别达到85.9 % 和77.4 %,藏嵩草及莎草科草在整个草群地上植物量动态变化中,一直处于主导和决定地位。草地生产力月动态变化曲线呈单峰形,6～7月是地上植物量增长最快的时期,产量高峰出现在8月份(268.6 g/m2)。草地生产力年动态变化表现为随着年度生长关键期降雨量的增加而植物量明显提高,充分证明该草地植物群落的喜湿特性。草地单位面积合理载牧量全年为2.943 2个羊单位/(hm2a),5～10月理论载牧量分别为5月12.35;26月23.53;7月29.96;8月34.66;9月34.95;10月20.85羊单位/(hm2月)。The three-year-study of location monitoring on the Tibet Kobresia Pasture at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau showed that the plant community consisted of 74 plant species, which belonged to 37 genera of 16 families respectively. The species are mainly hyprophaties, mesic-hyprophaties and hygrophilous mesad. Kobresia tibetica is the dominant with an average dominance of 32.2 % in the community; and the density and biomass is 57.6 % and 46.8 % of the total respectively. The species of sedge family takes the absolutely dominant position. It抯 density and biomass is up to 85.9 % and 77.4 % that in the community. Kobresia tibetica and some other Cyperaceae species play a leading and definitive role on the dynamic biomass variation of the whole community continuously. The curve of monthly dynamic productivity variation is in the shape of single hump. The fast increase of biomass happens in June and July. The peak of the yield appears in August (268.6 g/m2). The yearly dynamic productivity variation shows the increase of plant-mass with the increase of rainfall in the key growth stage. It is fully proved that the plant community on the pasture has hygrophilous characters. The reasonable grazing capacity is 2.943 2 sheep unit/hm2.year. The monthly grazing capacity (sheep unit/hm2month) from May to October is 12.35, 23.53, 29.96, 34.66, 34.95 and 20.85 respectively.

关 键 词：藏嵩草草地 群落组成 生产力 动态监测 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]