3种滩涂贝类稚贝附着基和多层附苗技术的初步研究  

Studies on settlement substrata and poly-layer spatfall technics of three species of clams

作　　者：王国栋[1] 常亚青[1] 付强 王子臣[1] 刘庆连 孙茂盛 

机构地区：[1]大连水产学院农业部海洋水产增养殖学与生物技术重点开放实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]大连市水上旅游公司,辽宁大连116015 [3]庄河市海洋贝类养殖场,辽宁庄河116400

出　　处：《大连水产学院学报》2003年第2期104-108,共5页Journal of Dalian Fisheries University

基　　金：辽宁省海洋与渔业厅重点攻关项目(2001002);大连市重点科技攻关项目资助

摘　　要：2002年3～8月对菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapesphilippinarum、青蛤Cyclinasinensis和硬壳蛤Mercenariamercenaria3种滩涂贝类的变态附着基和多层附苗技术进行了试验研究。附着基分别采用黑色波纹板、透明波纹板、筛绢、塑料薄膜、扇贝养成笼托盘、扇贝网片和细砂7种。结果表明,不同附着基间的贝类幼虫附着变态效果差异极显著(p<0 01),波纹板(黑色和透明)和塑料薄膜是3种滩涂贝类的适宜附着基,幼虫的变态率最高。采用多层结构的附着基附苗(多层附苗技术)效果均优于细砂(p<0 05),用多层附着基可以提高单位水体附着面积和出苗量,单位水体附着面积扩大了2 17～2 75倍,单位水体出苗量提高了1 19～4 30倍。此外,于7月8日至8月24日以透明波纹板为附着基,采用多层附苗技术对硬壳蛤幼虫附着变态进行了中试,稚贝的变态率达66 7%,生长速度为90 09μm/d,变态后49d的成活率达90%以上,室内培育的稚贝平均壳长达4 62mm,数量约1000万枚。The technics of substrata for metamorphism of larvae and poly-layer spatfall were carried out on Ruditapes philippinarum, Cyclina sinensis and Mercenaria mercenaria during the period of March to August 2002. Significant difference in settlement and metamorphism was detected among 7 substrata (black board, transparent board, plastic film, mesh screen, meshwork, nurturance tray and sand) (p<0.01). The metamorphism rate of larvae was highest using board (black and transparent) and plastic film as substrata. The spatfall effect using poly-layer substrata was better than that of substratum of sand (p<0.05) because the area for settlement of larvae and the amount seeds per unit water body increased with former substrata, which increased by 2.17～2.75 times and 1.19～4.30 times respectively. In addition, the settlement and metamorphism of larvae of Mercenaria mercenaria on a large scale with transparent board substratum in Haiyang Zhuanghe. The metamorphism rate of juvenile clam was 66.7% and the growth rate was 99.09 μm/d. The suvival rate was above 90% after metamorphism 49 d, the average shell length was 4.62 mm, and the production of juvenile clam was about 10 million. 

关 键 词：滩涂贝类 稚贝 附着基 多层附苗技术 变态率 

分 类 号：S968.31[农业科学—水产养殖]