楚科奇海及白令海大型底栖生物初步研究  

Macrobenthos in the Chukchi Sea and Bering Sea

作　　者：李荣冠[1] 郑凤武[1] 江锦祥[1] 郑成兴[1] 黄心光[1] 黄翔玲[1] 徐惠洲[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,厦门361005

出　　处：《生物多样性》2003年第3期204-215,共12页Biodiversity Science

摘　　要：1999年夏季在楚科奇海、白令海采用 30cm× 30cm箱式取样器 ,取得 16个站位大型底栖生物定量样品。经分析研究有大型底栖生物 92科 16 4种 ,其中多毛类、软体动物和甲壳动物种数最多 ,占总种数的 88.4 1% ,三者构成北极楚科奇海和白令海大型底栖生物的主要类群。优势种有独毛虫属一种 (Tharyxsp .)、齿吻沙蚕属一种(Nephtyssp .)、囊叶齿吻沙蚕 (Nephtyscaeca)、平滑胡桃蛤 (Ennuculatenuis)、短吻状蛤 (Nuculanapernulapernu loides)、拟猛钩虾属一种 (Harpiniopsissp .)、日本沙钩虾 (Byblisjaponicus)和萨氏真蛇尾 (Ophiurasarsii)等。楚科奇海和白令海大型底栖生物平均生物量为 111.83g/m2 ,平均栖息密度为 2 5 38个 /m2 。生物量和栖息密度均以多毛类和软体动物占多数。楚科奇海和白令海大型底栖生物有 5个群落类型 :I .梯额虫 (Scalibregmainflatum )紫轮参(Polycheirarufescens) -结栉盖蛇尾 (Stegophiuranodosa)群落 ,Ⅱ .拟单指虫 (Cossurellasp .) -平滑胡桃蛤 -鳞甲钩虾 (Lepidepecreumsp .)群落 ,Ⅲ .缩头竹节虫 (Maldanesarai) -葛氏希泊钩虾 (Hippomedongorbunovi) -萨氏真蛇尾群落 ,Ⅳ .齿吻沙蚕 (Nephtyssp .) -平滑胡桃蛤 -日本沙钩虾 -戈芬星虫 (Golfingiasp .)群落和白令海群落 ,即?Species diversity,quantity,distribution and community of macrobenthos are analyzed in thispaper.The materials were collected from 16 stations in the Chukchi Sea and Bering Sea in Summer 1999.For quantitative analysis.samples were collected by a 30 cnl×30 cm box sampler.There were in all 92families and 164 species,of which Polychaeta comprised 62 species,Mollusca 42,Crustacea 37,Echi.nodermata 14 and other groups 9 species.Polychaeta.Mollusca and Crustacea occupy 88.41%of allspecies.Cossurella sp.,Tharyx sp.,Maldane sarai,Nephtys caeca,Phascolion sp.,Ennucula tenuis,Nuculana pernula pernuloides,Clinocardium(Ciliatocardium)ciliatum,Asthenothaerus sp.,Eudorellapacifica,Lepidepecreum sp.,Harpiniopsis sp.,Bybljaponicus,and Ophiura sarsii were dominant spe.cies and key species.The average biomass was 1 1 1.83 g/m 2.and individual density was 2538 inds./m 2in Chukchi Sea and Bering Sea.Five macrobenthic commumities from Chukchi Sea and Bering Sea are re.corded in this paper.They are Community I.Scalibregma inflatum-Polycheira rufescens-Stegophiura nodosa,H.Cossurella sp.-Ennucula tenuis-Lepidepecreum sp.,11I.Maldane sarai—Hippomedon gorbunovi.Ophiura sarsii,1V.Nephtys sp.-Ennucula tenuis-Byblis japonicus-Golfingica sp.,and the Community ofthe Bering Sea,Lumbrineris fragilis-Asthenothaerus sp.-Eudorella pacifica.Phascolion sp.Commumity ofthe Bering Sea and Communities I and II in Chukchi Sea are relatively stable。but disturbance charac.terizes Communities 111 and IV in the Chukchi Sea.

关 键 词：楚科奇海 白令海 大型底栖生物 北极 物种多样性 数量 群落 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]