不同施肥水平对水稻上白背飞虱种群的影响  

Effects of Fertilization Levels on the Whitebacked Planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) Population in Rice

作　　者：蒋明星[1] 程家安[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学应用昆虫学研究所,浙江杭州310029

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2003年第3期270-274,共5页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (TG2 0 0 0 0 16 2 10 ) ;国际水稻研究所有害生物综合治理协作网 (IRRIIPMNetwork)资助项目

摘　　要：研究了施不同水平有机肥和化肥的钵栽水稻 (汕优 6 3)上白背飞虱的发育、存活和繁殖情况。有机肥 (腐熟猪粪 )和化肥 (尿素、过磷酸钙和氯化钾 )分别设低 (N 2 0 0、P 2 30和K 95mg/钵 )、中 (N 40 0、P 46 0和K 190mg/钵 )和高 (N6 0 0、P 6 90和K 2 85mg/钵 ) 3个水平处理 ,于移栽前施于盆钵中 ,施肥 1周后的稻苗 (2 7d龄 )供试。结果表明 ,当施肥水平较低时 ,各种群参数在两类肥料处理间的差异较小 ;但当施肥提高至中、高水平时 ,与施化肥相比 ,施有机肥水稻上的白背飞虱卵孵化率和若虫存活率显著降低 ,若虫历期较长 ,产卵历期较短 ,产卵量较小 ,种群内禀增长率明显降低。表明与施化肥相比 ,施有机肥明显不利于白背飞虱种群的增长。Development, survival and reproduction of the whitebacked planthopper,Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), were examined on potted rice plants (Shanyou 63) which were treated with organic manure (OM) and chemical fertilizers (CF) (urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride) at different levels. Plants were fertilized before transplanting at (I) N 200 mg/pot, P 230 mg/pot and K 95 mg/pot, (Ⅱ) N 400 mg/pot, P 460 mg/pot and K 190 mg/pot, and (Ⅲ) N 600 mg/pot, P 690 mg/pot and K 285 mg/pot, respectively, and used in one week after fertilization (27 days old seedling). In the treatment of low fertilization (level Ⅰ), little difference occurred in most of population parameters between the OM and CF treatments. However, as fertilization increased to level Ⅱ and Ⅲ, significantly lower hatch rate and nymph survival, longer nymph period, shorter oviposition period, lower fecundity and innate capacity of increase were observed in the insect feeding on OM-fertilized plants than on CF-fertilized plants. It was concluded that, as compared with chemical fertilizer, organic manure was evidently unsuitable for S. furcifera population development.

关 键 词：施肥水平 水稻 白背飞虱 种群 有机肥 化学肥料 

分 类 号：S435.11[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]