水稻高产高效优质栽培研究的现状(英文)  

Current Status of the Research on High-Yielding and High Efficiency in Resource Use and Improving Grain Quality in Rice

作　　者：彭少兵[1] 杨建昌[2] 

机构地区：[1]国际水稻研究所 [2]扬州大学农学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2003年第3期275-280,共6页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (30 2 70 778) ;江苏省重点攻关项目 (BE2 0 0 1331)

摘　　要：近年来一些发达国家利用信息技术和先进知识大力发展精准农业 ,以达到改良作物表现和提高环境质量的目的。中国的农学家依据精准农业的原理并结合本国的实践 ,初步提出了水稻等作物在高产栽培条件下基本苗、施肥和灌溉的定量方法和关键指标 ,为构建具有中国特色的作物精准栽培技术体系奠定了基础。水稻直播省工节本 ,其应用面积在亚洲正逐年增加。杂草控制和倒伏问题是制约水稻直播产量及其应用面积扩大的两大因素。水稻地膜覆盖栽培近几年正在中国兴起。地膜覆盖可增温保墒、节约用水和减少氮肥损失。但地膜覆盖对环境带来的污染应引起重视。作物栽培已从单纯注重产量 ,转变为产量、优质、高效相统一 ,注重环境的保护 ,重视无公害食品、绿色食品、有机食品的开发。农业信息技术运用于作物栽培技术的研究 ,将促进栽培技术的现代化、标准化和智能化。Recently, developed countries have invested heavily on the development of precision farming by using information technologies and advanced knowledge for the purpose of improving crop performance and environmental quality.By absorbing the advanced ideas of precision farmingabroad and combining the practice in home, Chinese agronomists have preliminarily put forward quantitative methods and key indices of base-seedling determination, fertilizer application and irrigation at the high-yielding cultivationof crops such as rice, which, in an important respect, has laid a foundation and created conditions for studying and establishing the precision crop cultivation system with Chinese characteristics. The adoption of direct seeding methods for rice crop establishment in place of transplanting has continuously increased in Asia. Direct seeding reduces labor cost and increaseswater use efficiency. Weed control and lodging are the major constraints that limit yield and adoption of direct seeding method. Plastic film mulching cultivation has become an important research topic in China in the past few years. Plastic film mulch preserves soil moisture, increases soil temperature, and reduces the consumption of irrigation waterand N losses. However, a great attention should be paidto a potential threat to the environmentbrought by using plastic film. Both in China and abroad, crop management has been transformed to pay great attention to the combination of high yield, good quality and high efficiency from only paying an importance to high yield before, and will pay great attention to the environmental protection, and the production of no-pollution food, green food and organic food. Application of the information technology in agriculture will accelerate the modernization, standardization and intellectualizationof crop management.

关 键 词：水稻 高产 栽培技术 施肥 灌溉 精准农业 定量方法 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]