中国对虾人工选育群体的同工酶分析  

Isozyme analysis in cultured populations of Fenneropenaeus chinensis

作　　者：李健[1] 高天翔[2] 柳广东[2] 刘萍[1] 王清印[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071 [2]中国海洋大学水产学院,青岛266003

出　　处：《海洋水产研究》2003年第2期1-8,共8页Marine Fisheries Research

基　　金：国家"973"项目 (G1 9990 1 2 0 0 9);山东省自然科学基金项目 (Y2 0 0 2D0 2 );"863"项目 (2 0 0 1AA62 0 1 0 5)共同资助

摘　　要：采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术对中国对虾人工选育子一代、子四代、子五代群体和黄、渤海野生群体遗传变异进行了同工酶比较分析。结果表明 ,在检测的 4个群体肌肉组织的 13个基因位点中 ,MDH 2 、GPI 、MPI 、PGM 2 和PGM 3 5个位点呈多态。PGM 3 位点上的变异程度最高 ,其等位基因频率呈递减趋势 ;人工选育群体在MPI 位点上出现 c基因 ,其等位基因频率呈递增趋势。中国对虾野生群体同人工选育群体的多态位点比例相同 ,为 38 4 6 % ;其平均观察杂合度分别为 0 0 5 77、0 0 377、0 0 2 6 3、0 0 2 31,呈依次递减趋势。中国对虾野生群体和人工选育群体之间的遗传距离平均值为 0 0 0 6 2 ,远大于子四代和子五代间的遗传距离。人工选育中国对虾群体的遗传多样性已有所降低 ,但在某些基因座位上出现了特异基因 ,这是否可作为具有良好生长特性和抗逆能力的人工定向选育群体的基因标记尚有待进一步研究。Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the genetic variation between cultured populations (CP1, CP4 and CP5) and the wild population of Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Thirteen putative enzyme coding loci were examined using the muscle, and of them, five loci were polymorphic, i.e., MDH 2 *, GPI *, MPI *, PGM 2 * and PGM 3 *. There were significant differences between wild population and the others at the locus PGM 3 *, and the frequency showed a decrease trend. At MPI * locus, allele * c was found only at the three cultured populations, and the frequency showed an increase trend. The proportions of polymorphic loci of cultured populations and wild population were same, and the average observed heterozygosities of them were 0 057 7 , 0 037 7 , 0 026 3 and 0 023 1 respectively, which showed a decrease trend. The average Nei's genetic distance between the wild and cultured populations was 0 006 2 , which was much bigger than that between CP4 and CP5 populations. The results showed that the genetic diversity of cultured populations of F. chinensis had decreased, but the further study on whether the special allele could be a diagnostic character of the cultured populations with good growth characteristic and reverse resistant or not is needed.

关 键 词：中国对虾 人工选育 同工酶 

分 类 号：Q346.5[生物学—遗传学] S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]