我国土地政策对耕地可持续利用的影响  

The Impact of the National Land Policy on the Sustainable Arable Land Use in China since1949

作　　者：徐小黎[1] 史培军[1] 杨明川[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学资源科学研究所环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2003年第2期115-123,共9页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部跨世纪人才(1998);国家基础研究规划项目资助(G2000018604)。

摘　　要：耕地变化受到诸如经济、人口、政策等因素的影响,但在中国,政策影响的痕迹更为明显。在高度集中的计划经济体制下,耕地的变化完全取决于中央计划的制定和实施情况,同时,领导决策、个人意志以及特殊政治事件等对耕地变化也有非常明显的改变作用。改革开放以后,我国逐步走入市场经济时代,耕地表象上是受经济利益驱动向收益高的土地利用类型转换,事实上,是国家制定的区域发展政策、产业发展政策和城市发展政策,决定了经济发展的方向和速度,进而决定和推动着耕地改变的方向及速度。同时,在"社会可持续发展"的指导思想下,国家通过一些保护性的法律或法规维持耕地不被过度改变。It's well known that land-use and land-cover change is affected by lots of factors such as GDP, population and policy. In China, the policy plays a vital role on the change of land-use and land-cover. Clear and deep understandings about land-use and land-cover change in China can't be reached without the knowledge of the National land policy. Therefore, this paper reviews the National land policy relevant to land-use and land-cover including the five-year plans, special political affairs, policy and laws roundly from 1949 to 2002 in China. It can be seen that the National land policy affect the land-use and land-cover change by the following ways: firstly, the five-year plans determine the main direction of the land-use and land-cover by making industry and region developing policy and arranging the direction and emphasis of the investment in national capital construction; secondly, the special political affairs always make great affects on the change of land-use and land-cover; thirdly, the rule of laws and notices change one kind of the land-use and land-cover and then change the whole land-use and land-cover ; finally, the laws and bylaws are always trying to maintain the status of the land-use and land-cover. 

关 键 词：土地政策 耕地 可持续利用 中国 耕地面积 土地承包责任制 乡镇企业 耕地保护政策 法规 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]