浅议沙特阿拉伯王国政治制度  

Brief Comment on Political System of Saudi Arabia

作　　者：王彤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2003年第1期53-56,共4页West Asia and Africa

摘　　要：本文从国体、政体两方面对沙特阿拉伯政治制度进行了分析。从国体看 ,随着沙特王国石油工业的不断发展和油田、土地国有化 ,在经济基础上 ,王国已进入资本主义阶段 ,国内主要矛盾是下层民众与王室所代表的朝野资产阶级间的矛盾 ,但已资产阶级化的王室封建色彩依然浓重。从政体看 ,自王国第二任君主始 ,皆非政出一人 ,而在不同程度上受王室长老委员会、大臣会议、欧莱玛及后来的协商会议的制约。所以 ,王国已不是“君主专制”或“绝对君主制”。此外 ,沙特王室始终坚持政教合一 ,即君主集政权与教权于一身 ,但集权者是世俗君主 ,而非神职人员 ,故沙特君主制不宜说是“伊斯兰君主制”。综上 ,沙特阿拉伯政治制度可界定为准资产阶级政教合一有限君主制。This paper analyzes the political system of Saudi Arabia from the perspectives of the state system and the government system. From the former, with the development of the oil industry and the nationalization of the oil fields and the land in Saudi Arabia, the kingdom has entered the capitalist stage; internal principal contradiction is the contradiction between the masses of the lower strata and the bourgeoisie represented by the royal family in or out of office. However, the bourgeoisified royal family is characteristic of feudalism. From the latter, none of the monarchs since the second monarch of the kingdom can arrogate all powers to himself. In fact, the Council of Notables, the Council of Ministers, ulama, and the subsequent Consultative Council have restrained them. So the government system is not autocratic monarchy or absolute monarchy. Besides, the royal family of Saudi Arabia maintains the integration of religion and politics, i.e. the monarch holds political power and the religious power at the same time. However, the monarch is not clergy. So it's improper to regard the monarchy of Saudi Arabia as 'Islamic monarchy' either. To sum up, the political system of Saudi Arabia may be defined as quasi-capitalist limited monarchy with the combination of religion and politics.

关 键 词：沙特阿拉伯王国 政治制度 有限君主制 政教合一 资产阶级 

分 类 号：D737.1[政治法律—政治学]