苔藓土壤节肢动物群落及其多样性  

Community structure and diversity of arthropods in moss soil

作　　者：查广才[1] 梁来荣[2] 周昌清[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院,广州510275 [2]复旦大学环境与资源生物学系,上海200433

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第6期1057-1062,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目 ( 3 92 3 0 0 70 )~~

摘　　要：苔藓土壤中分布着种类和数量丰富的节肢动物 ,主要是中、小型土壤动物。对上海市区苔藓土壤节肢动物群落进行了为期一年的调查研究 ,用 Tullgren分离装置 ,共收集土壤节肢动物 1 95 4 2只 ,隶属 5纲 1 1目 46科 5 8种。螨类和弹尾类共占总捕量的 97.4%,为苔藓土壤节肢动物的优势类群。螨类占苔藓土壤节肢动物种类的 74.2 %,个体数量的 79.7%,是苔藓土壤节肢动物群落的特征类群。优势种跗线螨 ( Tarsone-mus sp.)和真长须螨 ( Eustigmaeus clavated)均取食苔藓 ,并耐受低温 ,跗线螨占节肢动物总捕量的 45 %,真长须螨占 1 5 %。苔藓层节肢动物以螨类的前气门亚目为主 ,多为优势种和常见种 ,个体数量多 ,而土壤层节肢动物以螨类的隐气门亚目和弹尾类为主 ,种类较丰富。苔藓土壤节肢动物群落的多样性指数和优势集中性指数主要由螨类决定 ,受季节的影响明显 ,5月和 1 0月份多样性指数最高 ,1月份最低 ,而The community structure and diversity of arthropods in moss soil in the campus of Fudan University, Shanghai were investigated from October 1992 to October 1993. The experimental area was a 200m 2 stand of Ligustrum incidum, Metasequoia hlyptostroboides, Cinnamomum camphora and Neriu indicum trees,in which the forest floor was covered by a continuous thick layer of moss. Samples were collected monthly, mid month commencing at 10.00 am. A metal sampler (10cm×10cm×10cm) was used, and 5 samples were taken randomly from the moss floor each time. Samples were separated in the laboratory by Tullgren devices. A total of 19542 arthropod specimens that belonged to 5 classes, 11 orders, 46 families and 58 species were collected. The Orders Acarina and Collembola accounted for 97 4% of the total collected individuals with Acarina being the most dominant group. Acarina accounted for 74.2% of the total species and 79.7% of total individuals while Collembola accounted for 17.7% of the total individuals. Diplura were common, while the Geophilomorpha, Polydesmida, Thysanoptera and Hymenoptera were rare. Homoptera and Araneae were temporary immigrants in moss soil. The mites Tarsonemus sp and Eustigmaeus clavated were the dominant species of the moss soil arthropod community and accounted for 45% and 15% of the total individuals, respectively. Both species fed on moss and tolerated lower temperatures, with their population dynamics being obviously affected by the growth stage of moss and the season. While the Prostigmata of Acarina were dominant on moss and exhibited seasonal population fluctuations the Collembola and the Cryptostigmata of Acarina were dominant in the soil of moss and their populations were small and stable. A long period of high or low temperature was harmful to the arthropods of moss soil, particularly to the dominant species. Shannon Wiener diversity index、Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index were used to describe diversity. Diversity of the moss soil arthropod community wa

关 键 词：苔藓土壤 节肢动物群落 生物多样性 分析 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]