棕榈在北方不同生态环境下越冬栽培适应性的生理研究  

PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTABILITY FOR THE PALM PLANTS GREW IN THE DIFFERENT ECO-ENVIRONMENTS OF NORTH REGION DURING THE PERIOD OF PLANTING THROUGH THE WINTER

作　　者：陈星[1] 冯宝华[2] 张凌俊[1] 肖尊安[1] 王英典[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生命科学学院 [2]北京师范大学后勤产业中心,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2003年第3期390-396,共7页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

摘　　要：在设置的不同生态环境小区内栽培棕榈 ,通过分析越冬栽培期间不同小区内的温度、风速及空气相对湿度等气候因子 ,观察植株寒害反应及来年生长状况 ,并结合植株叶片组织水分、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白的质量分数和过氧化物酶 (POD)及超氧歧化酶 (SOD)比活性的测定 ,揭示了棕榈北方越冬栽培适应性的生理基础和伤害发生的可能机制 .结果表明 ,背风向阳的生态环境、一定程度的低温、大风 ,引发叶片组织中水的质量分数降低、渗透调节物质可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白等的质量分数以及膜的保护酶POD和SOD的比活性提高 ,这有利于植株抵御寒害 ,安全越冬 .自然裸地生态环境内的低温 ,尤其是大的风速加之较低的空气相对湿度 ,使叶片组织的POD和SOD比活性下降、质膜透性增强 ,叶片呈现生理干旱的伤害性特征 ,且部分植株生长点部位严重受害 ,翌年死亡 .冬季寒潮所造成的极端低温以及大风引发的生理干旱 ,是棕榈树在北方户外越冬的限制因子 .The Palm plants were cultivated in the different artificially established eco environment. The physiological bases for the cold acclimation and the possible reasons for the injury in the Palm plants grew during the period of planting through the winter were revealed by measuring the contents of water, soluble sugar and protein, the activity of POD and SOD in the leaf tissues. The relationship of the climate factors such as air temperature, relative air humidity and wind speed with the growth situation was analyzed. The results indicate as follows. In the eco environments on the lee side exposed to the sun in or out of the windbreak, the water content decreases but the content of soluble sugar and protein as well as the activity of the membrane protective enzymes (POD and SOD) increases in the leaf tissues of plants. These are induced by the low air temperature, strong wind and low relative humidity within certain threshold, thus the plants are survival. In the eco environment of NC, some plants die next year with the characters of physiological drought in leaves. This is due to the decrease of the activities of POD and SOD and the increase of membrane permeability in leaves caused by circumstance conditions exceeded the threshold of endurance. The extreme low temperature caused by the cold wave in winter and the physiological drought resulted from the big wind and low relative humidity are the restrictive factors for the survival of Palm plants grew in the outdoors of the North during the period through winter.

关 键 词：棕榈 北方 生态环境 越冬栽培 生理适应性 寒害 质膜透性 可溶性糖 可溶性蛋白 过氧化物酶 

分 类 号：S792.91[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S718.43[农业科学—林学]