苹果树体氧化还原活性与苹果粗皮病的关系  

Relationship between oxidation/reduction activity and internal bark necrosis of apple tree

作　　者：徐圣友[1] 张福锁[1] 王贺[1] 姚青[2] 于忠范 姜学龄 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院 [2]华南农业大学园艺学院,广州510642 [3]烟台市农科院土壤肥料研究所,山东烟台265500

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2003年第3期11-14,共4页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点基础发展研究资助项目 (G19990 1170 7)

摘　　要：为探讨苹果粗皮病 (IBN)致病机理 ,本试验以易感品种富士和抗性品种乔纳金 ,通过室内盆栽和田间调查 ,研究了粗皮病与树体氧化还原活性的关系。主要结果表明 :大田条件下 ,严重感病的富士叶片中的POD活性明显高于抗病品种乔娜金和轻微感病的富士 ;叶片和枝条中的VC含量与POD相反。盆栽条件下 ,随着土壤锰水平的增加 ,叶片中的POD活性明显增加 ;枝条中的VC含量明显降低 ;在不同土壤锰水平下 ,富士叶片的POD活性和根系还原力都高于乔娜金 ,差异甚至达到显著水平 ;在施锰量为 0和 33mg·kg-1时 ,乔娜金叶片的细胞膜透性高于富士 ,而在施锰量达到 330mg·kg-1时 ,富士叶片的膜透性反而低于乔娜金 ;富士根系的泌酸能力显著大于乔娜金。可以认为 ,苹果粗皮病的发生与树体内氧化还原活性相关 ,氧化还原体系可能包括POD、VC、根系还原力等 ,抗性品种的还原能力低于易感品种 ,而氧化能力较高 ,使得进入树体内的锰被钝化 (Mn4+) ,减轻粗皮病的发生。In order to prevent the internal bark necrosis (IBN) of apple tree, the relationship between IBN and oxidation/reduction activity was studied through pot culture and field investigation, with an IBN-sensitive cultivar Fuji and an IBN-resistant cultivar Jonagold as experimental plants. The results showed that POD activity in leaves of severely infected Fuji was higher than those in leaves of Jonagold and slightly infected Fuji, while VC content in leaves or branches showed a reverse trend, in the field condition. In pot culture, POD activity in leaves increased while VC content in branches decreased with the rise of soil Mn level. At different soil Mn level, POD activity in leaves and root reducing capacity of Fuji were higher than those of Jonagold, with a significant difference at some certain soil Mn levels. Cell membrane permeability of leaves was higher in Fuji than in Jonagold at soil Mn application of 0 and 33mg·kg -1 , while it was lower in Fuji than in Jonagold at soil application of 330mg·kg -1 . H + extruding capacity was significantly higher in Fuji than in Jonagold. It is suggested that the incidence of apple tree IBN is related to oxidation/reduction activity, and that oxidation/reduction system may involve POD, VC, and root reducing capacity. Due to the lower reducing capacity and higher oxidizing capacity in resistant cultivar than in sensitive cultivar, Mn absorbed in resistant cultivar may be inactivated as Mn 4+ , consequently relieving IBN. It is also implied that POD activity and VC content in leaves may be acted as physiological indexes for screening IBN-resistant cultivar.

关 键 词：苹果 树体 氧化还原活性 粗皮病 品种 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]