巢湖水藻类毒性及对饮用水水质影响  

Toxicity of Algae in Water of Chaohu Lake and Its Influence on Drinking Water Quality

作　　者：赵影[1] 杨志平[1] 王志强[1] 谢春萍[2] 范琼[2] 王维[3] 黄晓沐[1] 王勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省卫生监督所,安徽合肥230061 [2]合肥市卫生防疫站,安徽合肥230061 [3]安徽省职业病防治研究所,安徽合肥230022

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2003年第4期219-222,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：安徽省卫生厅医学科学研究基金资助项目(A95-1998-16)

摘　　要：目的了解巢湖含藻水源水和藻类毒性对饮用水水质的影响。方法于1999年在距巢湖水厂岸边1.5km(A点:废弃水源)和3.0km(B点:现用水源)处取水样进行巢湖的浮游藻类调查,取B点湖水及其处理后的饮用水检测微囊藻毒素(MC)含量,并进行水质分析及Ames试验、微核试验和单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)试验。结果A和B点水样全年共检出浮游藻类83种,分属于8门49属,年均藻量(每升水样藻细胞数)B点(8205.67×104个/L)比A点(7024.24×104个/L)高16.8%。巢湖16份水样中有12份检出了MC,2份超标;合肥和巢湖市5个水厂原水及饮用水中未检出MC(不含四水厂)。合肥四水厂MC含量较低的原水,经过运输贮存后,清水池一次出厂水MC含量超标,经混凝、加氯和活性炭等处理后,二次出厂水未检出MC;原水中总氮等6项指标不同程度地超过GB3838-2002地表水环境质量标准Ⅴ类标准,经处理后的饮用水符合卫生标准;Ames试验与微核试验提示原水有可疑致突变性,经混凝处理不能消除,加氯后致突变性仍存在。SCGE试验表明原水有机浓集物存在DNA损伤效应。结论现用巢湖水源浮游藻类的污染重于废弃水源,湖水与四水厂清水池一次出厂水中的MC均存在超标现象,原水和饮用水存在可疑致突变性。Objective To explore the toxicity of algae in water of Chaohu Lake and its influence on the quality of drinking water.Methods In1999,the water samples were collected from the sampling location of A point as a discarded water source for Chaohu Water Plant 1.5km far from the lakeside of Chaohu Lake and the sampling location of B point as a water source in use for Chaohu Water Plant 3.0km far from the lakeside of Chaohu Lake.The species and count of algae in these water samples were analyzed.The determination of micro cystin,sanitary indexes of water quality,Ames test,micronucleus test and SCGE test were carried out in the water samples from B point and the finished water from water plants using water source for B point.Re -sults83species of algae belong to8phylum and49genus were found in water samples from A point and B point in Chao hu Lake.The anual averages of algae count in water sample of B point (8205.67×10 4 /L)exceeded16.8%of that of A point water samples(7024.27×10 4 /L).Microcystin was found in12water samples among total16water samples collected from the lake water,two of which revealed excessive content s of microcystin exceeding standard,but it was not found in raw water and finished water samples from five plants in Hefei and Chaohu Lake[except the4th water plant (4th WP )].After transportation and stor-age,the raw water of4th WP of Hefei with lower content s of microcystin revealed higher contents of microcystin exceeding the standard in primary finished water samples of clean-well finished water storage,but it couldnt be found in secondary finished water samples with the processes of coagulation,ch lorination and active carbon-filtration.The total nitrogen and other6indexes of raw water of4th WP exceeded the related standards ruled by GB3838-2002Surface Water Environment Standard Grade V in different degree,but above6water quality indexes could reach the related sanitary standard after water treatment.Ames test and micronucleus test indicated that the raw water of4t

关 键 词：水污染 藻类 巢湖 

分 类 号：R123.5[医药卫生—环境卫生学] R994.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]