水稻籼粳杂种不育性及其类型  

Characteristic and Classification for Sterility of Hybrids from Typical Indica Crossed with Japonica Varieties( O.sativa)

作　　者：严长杰[1] 梁国华[1] 顾世梁[1] 陆驹飞[1] 汤述翥[1] 顾铭洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院农学系,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2003年第4期574-580,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家"8 63"研究计划 (BH 0 1 0 2 0 1)资助

摘　　要：克服栽培稻不同亚种间杂种F1的不育性是有效利用亚种间杂种优势的前提。本研究选择了籼粳两亚种不同生态型的 19个水稻品种作为试验材料 ,研究了它们之间杂种不育性的表现特点及遗传特性。试验按p×q设计进行 ,以籼稻作为母本 ,共配置了 90个籼粳交组合。调查了各组合F1的小穗育性和花粉育性。研究结果表明 :(1)各组合的小穗育性和花粉育性都存在显著的差异。 (2 )花粉育性和胚囊育性分别由不同的遗传系统所控制 ,两者共同决定小穗育性的高低。 (3)起源于我国华南的籼稻品种比具有国际稻血缘的籼稻品种与粳稻的分化更远。 (4 )根据花粉育性和小穗育性为指标的聚类分析结果可知 :本研究中 90个籼粳交F1可分为 4个类型 ,即花粉育性和小穗育性都高 ;小穗育性高 ,但花粉育性低 ;小穗育性低 ,但花粉育性高 ;小穗育性和花粉育性都低。There has been much interesting in studying the sterility of hybrid between two rice subspecies indica and japonica , and it is a prerequisite for the utilization of heterosis in high yield rice breeding.In this study,19 varieties,10 indica and 9 japonica ones,were selected as parents,which represents different rice ecosystems. According to the p×q design, 90 cross combinations were obtained by crossing 10 indica varieties(as female parents) to the 9 japonica varieties(as male parents). The F 1 spikelet and pollen fertilities of all crosses were analyzed in detail. The main results are listed as follows:(1) Among the 90 crosses,the spikelet and pollen fertility varied widely, ranging from fully fertile to nearly sterile.(2) The pollen and embryo sac fertility were controlled by two sets of different genes,and both of them made contributions to F 1 spikelet fertility.(3) The indica varieties originated in South China had higher level genetic differentiation from japonica varieties than those containing IRRI rice genetic system.(4) Cluster analysis indicated that 90 indica/japonica crosses could be divided into four types,i.e.both spikelet fertility and pollen fertility were normal,both of two were low (sterile),spikelet fertility was relatively normal,while pollen fertility was low, and the last type was that spikelet fertility was relatively low,while pollen fertility was relatively high.

关 键 词：水稻 籼粳 杂种优势 不育性 品种类型 遗传特性 小穗育性 花粉育性 

分 类 号：S511.2[农业科学—作物学]