二倍体小麦种间水分利用效率的差异及与根系生长的关系  

Difference of Water Use Efficiency of Diploidy Wheat Species with Different Chromosome Set and Its Relationship with Root System Growth

作　　者：张岁岐[1] 山仑[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,西北农林科技大学,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家开放实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《作物学报》2003年第4期569-573,共5页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划专项经费 (G19990 1170 8);国家自然科学基金 ( 3 0 170 5 5 9)资助项目

摘　　要：提高作物水分利用效率 (WUE)是当前半干旱地区农业研究的热点问题。利用管栽和田间干旱棚试验在两种土壤水分条件下 ,研究了 5个不同二倍体小麦种WUE的差异及其与根系生长之间的关系。结果发现 :两种水分条件下 ,不同二倍体小麦种间WUE存在显著差异 ,其从大到小的排列顺序为RR >DD >AA >BB ,说明R染色体组上可能存在控制高水分利用效率的基因。不同二倍体小麦种根系生长及根系剖面分布也存在差异 ,其中一粒小麦 (A染色体组 )有最大的根系生长 ,而方穗山羊草 (D染色体组 )有最小的根系生长。对根系生长与WUE进行的回归分析表明 ,在二倍体小麦种上 ,WUE与其根系生长 (根重、根长 )呈显著负相关关系 ,随根系生长 ,WUE降低 ,说明在二倍体小麦根系生长上存在对其水分利用不利的冗余。因此 ,在以水分高效利用为目标的小麦育种上 ,不应片面追求强大根系在抗旱方面的作用 ,而应以减少根系生长冗余增加地上部干物质生产为主。To raise water use efficiency (WUE) of crop is a key problem in semi arid area agriculture. The present soil column and field shelter out rain experiment with 5 different dipolidy wheat species under two soil water conditions were designed to investigate the WUE difference of 5 different dipolidy wheat species and its relationship with root system growth. Experimental result showed that there was markedly difference of WUE among different dipolidy wheat species with different chromosome set. WUE of Frence rye (R chromosome set) was the largest and T. spelta (B chromosome set) was the least in all 5 dipolidy material under two water conditions. Root system growth and its profile distribution existed difference among various dipolidy wheat species with different chromosome set under two soil water conditions,the root growth of T. boeoticum and T. monococcum (A chromosome set) was the largest and Ae. Squarrosa (D chromosome set) was the least in all 5 material. There was a negative correlation between WUE and root system growth, WUE was reduced with the increase of root system growth (root system weight and root system length ) in all 5 dipolidy wheat. Therefore, it was an important measure rising WUE to reduce root system growth and to increase biomass production.

关 键 词：二倍体小麦 水分 利用效率 利用差异 根系生长 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]